Basic Concepts
DNA Structure
RNA
DNA Processes
Mutation & Gene Editing
Protein Synthesis
100
This type of molecule stores genetic information in living organisms.
What are nucleic acids?
100
The shape of the DNA molecule discovered by Watson and Crick.
What is the double helix?
100
The sugar found in RNA.
What is ribose?
100
A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence of a gene
What is mutation?
100
This type of mutation involves the replacement of one base with another base
What is substitution?
100
This is the first stage of protein synthesis that occurs inside the nucleus.
What is transcription?
200
The two main types of nucleic acids found in cells.
What are DNA and RNA?
200
The four nitrogenous bases in DNA.
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
200
The nitrogenous base found in RNA instead of thymine.
What is uracil?
200
The process where DNA makes a copy of itself.
What is DNA replication?
200
Insertion and deletion are types of this mutation.
What is frameshift mutation?
200
This is the 2nd stage of protein synthesis and occurs in the cytoplasm/ribosomes.
What is translation?
300
The basic building block (monomer) of nucleic acids.
What is a nucleotide?
300
The base pairing rule where adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with this base.
What is guanine?
300
The type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
300
The process of making RNA from DNA.
What is transcription?
300
This type of substitution mutation may go unnoticed because the amino acid is not affected.
What is silent mutation?
300
This is a sequence of 3 bases found in mRNA.
What is a codon?
400
The three parts that make up a nucleotide.
What are a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base?
400
The bonds that hold complementary bases together in DNA.
What are hydrogen bonds?
400
The type of RNA that helps assemble amino acids into proteins.
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
400
The process of building proteins from mRNA.
What is translation?
400
What type of mutation is this?
Frameshift mutation: Insertion
400
This is a transcription of the following DNA sequence tacgatccgtagact:
What is AUGCUAGGCAUCUGA?
500
The sugar found in DNA.
What is deoxyribose?
500
The scientists credited with discovering the structure of DNA in 1953.
Who are James Watson and Francis Crick?
500
The type of RNA that forms part of the ribosome.
What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
500
The enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides during DNA replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
500
The technology used to edit genes with high precision.
What is CRISPR-Cas9?
500
The amino acid chain (polypeptide) for
AUG-CUA-GGC-AUC-UGA
What is Met-Leu-Gly-Ile-Stop?