Replication
Transcription
Translation
DNA structure
Pot pourri
100
What would be transcribed from this DNA base sequence? 3' –C–C–G–A–A–T–G–T–C– 5'
5' –G–G–C–U–U–A–C–A–G– 3'
100
What is adenine's base pair in transcription?
Uracil
100
How many loops does tRNA have/what shape is the tRNA molecule?
3 loops, clover leaf shape
100
What is the DNA backbone made up of?
phosphate and deoxyribose
100
Start codon
AUG
200
Distinguish between DNA polymerase I and III.
DNA polymerase I: replaces RNA primer with DNA DNA polymerase III: adds nucleotides (in 5' to 3' direction) extending existing strand
200
RNA polymerase binds here
TATA box
200
Distinguish between RNA and DNA.
DNA is double-stranded while RNA is single-stranded; DNA contains deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose; the base thymine found in DNA is replaced by uracil in RNA; one form of DNA (double helix) but several forms of RNA (tRNA, mRNA and rRNA);
200
Draw a nucleotide.
Phosphate (carbon 3, carbon 5), deoxyribose sugar (carbon 1), base
200
Which of these statements a bout eukaryotic DNA is true? A: It contains the complementary base pair A–U. B: The majority of the molecule comprises repetitive sequences. C: It does not contain histone proteins. D: The majority of the molecule codes for genes.
Answer B
300
The enzyme responsible for separating the DNA double helix during replication is:
Helicase
300
mRNA is built in this direction
5' --> 3'
300
What route is used to export proteins from the cell?
Rough ER --> golgi apparatus --> plasma membrane
300
What type of bond exists between base pairs in DNA?
Hydrogen bonds
300
In some people, hemoglobin always contains the amino acid valine in place of a glutamic acid at one position in the protein. What is the cause of this?
A base substitution in the hemoglobin gene
400
What is the reason for Okazaki fragments being formed during DNA replication?
To enable replication on the lagging strand
400
What signals the RNA polymerase to stop transcription?
Terminator
400
Outline the structure of a ribosome.
small subunit and large subunit; mRNA binding site on small subunit; three tRNA binding sites / A, P and E tRNA binding sites; protein and RNA composition (in both subunits);
400
What is transformation?
Process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
400
Explain what the quaternary structure of a protein is, and give an example.
Linking of two or more polypeptides to form a single protein, collagen and hemoglobin
500
What happens during the G1, S, and G2 phases of interphase?
G1: cell grows S: replication G2: protein synthesis
500
Explain the role of nucleotide triphosphates.
The provide energy and phosphate groups for phosphorylation.
500
Explain the A, P, and E sites of the ribosome.
A site: tRNA bringing in amino acids P site: tRNA carrying growing polypeptide E site: tRNA about to exit the ribosome
500
Distinguish between pyrimidine and purine.
Pyrimidine: a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil Purine: a nitrogenous base that has a double ring structure; such as adenine or guanine;
500
Name the three types of post transcriptional modifications.
poly-A tail, introns removed, 5' cap
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