Blood Transfusion
What IV solution(s) is compatible with blood products?
What is Normal Saline
The normal range for hemoglobin
What is.....
Men: 14 - 18 g/dL
Women: 12 - 16 g/dL
What are 4 signs and symptoms of Hyponatremia
What are: coma, lethargy, tachycardia, muscle weakness, seizures, headache
Cool, clammy skin, shakiness, and headache are signs of what?
What is hypoglycemia
A nurse is caring for a client admitted with gastrointestinal tract bleeding and a hemoglobin level of 6 g/dL. The client asks the nurse why the low hemoglobin causes shortness of breath. Which response is best?
A. “Anemia prevents your lungs from absorbing oxygen effectively.”
B. “You do not have enough hemoglobin to carry oxygen to your tissues.”
C. “You don’t have enough blood to feed your cells.”
D. “You have lost a lot of blood, and that has damaged your lungs.”
(B) is correct. Hemoglobin carries oxygen to tissues; hemoglobin level is reduced in anemia.
(A) is incorrect. Oxygen transport to tissues is the problem. (C) is incorrect. Oxygen, not nutrients, is the problem. (D) is incorrect. Anemia does not cause lung damage.
Steps to take at the bedside first sign or suspicion of a possible transfusion reaction. (Name at least 4)
What is....
1) immediately stop the transfusion
2) clamp the blood IV tubing
3) disconnect from the client
4) change the tubing
One of the most common symptoms of a patient in sickle-cell crisis
What is pain?
When a patient has hypernatremia, what interventions should the nurse consider?
What is an IV infusion, restrict sodium, seizure precautions, I an O, daily weights
An order that tells you how much insulin to give based upon the patient's blood glucose reading
What is a sliding scale
A patient has been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. The patient has heartburn and occasional
regurgitation. Which intervention should the nurse teach the patient to reduce the symptoms?
A. Eat small, frequent meals.
B. Recline for 1 hour after meals.
C. Sleep flat without a pillow.
D. Eat a bedtime snack.
(A) is correct. Eating small, frequent meals that can pass easily through the esophagus
prevents the rapid filling of the stomach and thus heartburn and regurgitation.
How many types of allergic reactions are possible with blood transfusions?
What are 3 possible types:
Allergic
Febrile
Hemolytic
4 examples of iron-rich foods
What is red meat, dark-green leafy vegetables, lentils, beans, fortified grains, eggs
The types of fluid measured as output
What are urine, diarrhea, vomitus, gastric suction, fistula, wound and tube drainage?
Lab value that monitors BS over time
What is Hg A1c
A client is diagnosed with acute diverticulitis. Which of the following collected data does the nurse recognize may have placed the client at risk for developing diverticulitis?
A. A low-fiber diet
B. Chronic diarrhea
C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use
D. Family history of colon cancer
(A) is correct. A low-fiber diet increases risk for diverticulosis. (B, C, D) do not increase the risk of diverticulosis
When should vital signs be checked during a transfusion?
What is pre-transfusion, 15 minutes after starting, and post-transfusion
What is the main source of vitamin B12, and who is at great risk of B12 deficiency?
What are animal products like meat, eggs, dairy, and seafood
What is a vegan or vegetarian
Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia
What is chvosteks, trousseaus, numbness and tingling around the mouth and fingers
How insulin is measured
What is Units
A client with cirrhosis has asterixis and fetor hepaticus and is confused. The nurse recognizes these as symptoms of which complication?
A. Hepatic encephalopathy
B. Hepatorenal syndrome
C. Portal hypertension
D. Ascites
(A) is correct. These are symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. (B, C, D) are not symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy.
What patient history is important before performing a blood transfusion?
What is patient transfusion history and allergies
The definition of PICA and who does it affect
What is ingesting nonnutritive substances such as paint, dirt, clay, ice, or laundry starch.
Iron-deficient children and pregnant females are most commonly impacted by pica
When magnesium is elevated, what other electrolyte can you expect to be elevated
what is calcium
The two hormones produced in the pancreas related to Diabetes
insulin and glucagon (+ one more that nobody has heard of: somatostatin)
The nurse is collecting data for a client admitted with possible cholecystitis. Which of the following does
the nurse recognize as risk factors for gallbladder disease? Select all that apply.
A. Male gender
B. Obesity
C. Multiple pregnancies
D. Age 40 or older
E. Fasting
F. Diabetes mellitus
What is
(B, C, D, E, F) are correct