ABG Interpretation
What is the normal pH range for arterial blood?
7.35 - 7.45
Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with muscle cramps and tetany?
Hypocalcemia
Which nutrient is the body’s primary source of energy?
Carbohydrates
What is the normal range for urine output in adults per hour?
30mL / Hour or greater
What is the term for a nurse’s obligation to act in the best interest of the patient?
Beneficence
A patient’s ABG shows pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 50 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 24 mEq/L. What is the interpretation?
Respiratory Acidosis
What is the primary intracellular cation?
Potassium (K+)
What vitamin deficiency leads to scurvy?
Vitamin C deficiency
Loop of Henle
Which law protects patient privacy and confidentiality in healthcare settings? ACCRONYM & FULL NAME
HIPPA - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
What is the normal range for PaO₂?
80 - 100 mmHg
Which IV solution is considered isotonic and commonly used for fluid resuscitation?
0.9% Normal Saline
Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in hemoglobin?
Iron
What is the term for painful urination?
Dysuria
A nurse documents care that was not actually provided. This is an example of what legal issue?
Fraud
A patient with metabolic alkalosis will show what expected respiratory compensation?
Hypoventilation (retaining CO₂)
What clinical sign is associated with hypomagnesemia and tested by tapping the facial nerve?
Chvostek’s sign
Which dietary nutrient is most important for promoting healthy bowel function and preventing constipation?
Dietary Fiber
Name the urinary catheter type that is designed for long-term use?
Indwelling (Foley) catheter
What ethical principle is demonstrated when a nurse respects a patient’s right to make their own healthcare decisions?
Autonomy
In metabolic acidosis, which electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen due to renal compensation?
Hyperkalemia
What is the normal serum sodium range?
135–145 mEq/L
What type of balance is needed for tissue healing and how do we get it?
Positive Nitrogen Balance : Increased Protein intake
Which urinary catheter type is designed for long-term use?
0.6–1.2 mg/dL
If a nurse fails to perform a duty that results in patient harm, what legal concept applies?
Negligence