Medication Administration
What does MAR stand for?
Medication Administration Record
Position the patient in the lithotomy position and elevate the hips with a pillow, if tolerated. Be sure to drape the patient to provide privacy.
What is the position for vaginal medication administration?
This route is most convenient and easiest to administer.
What is oral route?
The delivery of medication from the site of administration to various organs in the body.
What is distribution?
These are essential parts of a medication order.
What are date & time, patient's full name, name of the medication, dose, route, frequency, indication & signature of the provider?
An age-related consideration with children and adults who have difficulty coordinating inhaled drugs with activation of metered-dose inhalers.
What is use of a spacer?
List the 6 rights of medication administration.
What is Right
patient, drug, dose, route, time, documentation?
This topical dosage form uses the skin as a barrier through which the drug must pass to get into the circulation; once there, the drug is then carried to its site of action. Therefore this route is used for systemic not local effects.
What are transdermal patches?
These medications dissolve in the mouth without water within 60 seconds.
What is Orally Disintegrating Medications?
This involves the biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite, more soluble compound, a more potent active metabolite (as in the conversion of an inactive prodrug to its active form), or a less active metabolite.
What is biotransformation or metabolisim?
Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer.
What is medication error?
Needles come in various gauges and lengths. Be sure to choose the correct needle—gauge and length—for the type of injection ordered. As a rule, the _______ the gauge number, the _________ the needle.
What is larger and smaller?
Any unintended and undesired result of taking a drug in appropriate doses.
What is an adverse reaction?
The directions you would educate a caregiver of a 2 year old when instilling ear drops.
What is pull the pinna down and back?
This helps prevent aspiration when administering PO medications.
What is position the patient in a sitting or side-lying position?
The movement of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream.
What is absorption?
To help reduce transcription errors with medication orders, we now use _____________
What is Computerized physician/provider order entry (CPOE), allowing health care providers to directly enter medical orders, is a critical patient safety initiative especially in the area of medication ordering and administration (Crespo et al., 2018)?
This patient position is used to administer rectal medications.
What is position the patient on his or her left side, unless contraindicated. The uppermost leg needs to be flexed toward the waist (Sims' position).
A pre-existing condition that makes it unsafe or otherwise inappropriate to administer a particular drug
What is contraindication?
A rectal medication is contraindicated when...
What is active rectal bleeding?
This route is placed under the tongue.
What is sublingual?
The removal of drug molecules from their sites of action and elimination from the body.
What is excretion?
Only authorized staff receive and record telephone or verbal orders. The health care agency identifies in writing the staff who are authorized.
What are guidelines for telephone & verbal orders?
__________ RECAP A USED NEEDLE! Always dispose of uncapped needles in the appropriate sharps container.
What is NEVER?
The amount of times you should check the medication you are administering against the MAR
What is three?
For this route, you must always remove the old medication before applying a new dose and remember to rotate application sites.
What is administering medications to the skin?
Some oral medications, such as capsules, enteric-coated tablets, and sustained-release or long-acting drugs, must not be _______________________.
What is crushed, broken, or chewed?
The time required for one-half (50%) of a given drug to be removed from the body. It is a measure of the rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body.
What is half-life?
Sometimes a health care provider orders a medication to be given once at a specified time. This is common for preoperative medications or medications given before diagnostic examinations. The following is an example of this type of order:
Lorazepam 1 mg IV on call to MRI
What is single order?
10:15pm in military time`
What is 2215
Besides using two identifiers, you ask the patient this question before administering medication
Do you have any allergies?
This technique is used to remove any secretions from the eye(s) prior to administering eye medications.
What is wipe from the inner to outer canthus?
This route is used for tablets that are placed between the upper or lower molar teeth and the cheek.
What is buccal?
The time required for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response.
What is onset of action?
This provider order is more specific than a one-time order and is used when a patient needs a medication quickly but not right away, as in a STAT order. This provider order allows the nurse up to 90 minutes to administer the medication. For example:
Vancomycin 1 g IV piggyback now
What is a NOW order?
Drugs that enter through the GI tract
What is enteral?
This degree angle is used for an intradermal injection.
What is 5- to 15-degree angle?
These are contraindications to oral mediations?
Patients with impaired swallowing. Risk for aspiration is to great.
Patients who have nausea or vomiting.
NPO
Absence of a gag reflex
This term is used to describe the highest blood level of a drug.
What is peak?
This order is given at the request of a patient or when the nurse observes the need.
What is PRN order?
This route is applied to the skin.
What is topical?
This term is used to describe these routes ID, SQ, IV or IM.
What are parenteral routes?
These are ways you can help a person who has difficulty swallowing take their medications.
You may crush the tablets if not contraindicated
What is
1. See if the medication is available in liquid form
2. Gently massage the area just below the chin to initiate swallowing.
3. Ask for a speech (swallow) consult and collaborate with the speech therapist for other suggestions.
This term is used to describe the lowest blood level of a drug.
What is trough?
To be given once and immediately
What is stat?
These reason(s) may affect whether a patient adheres to a medication regimen.
What is cost, visual and motor deficit: Can not read label or manipulate bottles/syringes, unable to tolerate side effects, forgetfulness, impaired mental capacity, does not believe in the medication regimen?
The apical pulse should be assessed for one full minute prior to administering this classification of medication.
What are beta blockers or digoxin?
For an average-sized patient, to administer this route, you pinch the skin with your nondominant hand and inject the needle quickly at a 45- or 90-degree angle.
What is subcutaneous route?
This method is used when pouring liquid medication.
What is pour the liquid so that the base of the meniscus is even with the appropriate line measure on the medicine cup?
Drug binds to the receptor; there is a response.
What is agonist?
Given on a regular schedule until the provider cancels or replaces the order
What is routine order
This technique is used for an UNUSED needle
What is the “scoop method”. This is one way to recap an unused needle safely. You only recap before the medication is given to the patient, especially if the needle is fixed to the syringe, as with insulin syringes. Be sure not to touch the needle to the countertop or to the outside of the needle cap.
This intramuscular site should be used for an adult patient.
What is ventrogluteal?
This will help to reduce systemic absorption of the drug through the nasolacrimal duct and may also help to reduce the taste of the medication in the nasopharynx
What is apply gentle pressure to the patient's nasolacrimal duct for 30 to 60 seconds with a gloved finger wrapped in a tissue?
Read the following order. An essential component is missing...
Jane Doe
September 23, 2023 0735
Amoxicillin 250 mg every 8 hours for 10 days
Dr. John Smith
What is route?
Drug binds to the receptor; there is no response. Drug prevents binding of agonists.
What is antagonist?
When removing medication from an ampule, this type of needle should be used
What is a filter needle?