LIPIDS& ANTILIPIDEMICS
This cholesterol‑rich lipoprotein is the most atherogenic.
What is LDL?
Loop diuretics act primarily at this nephron segment to block Na+ reabsorption
What is the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
According to ACC/AHA 2017, these values define Stage 1 hypertension.
What is 130–139/80–89 mmHg?
Given as a rapid IV push with a flush, this drug is first‑line for persistent PSVT and may cause transient asystole.
What is adenosine?
This lab monitors unfractionated heparin effect at the bedside.
What is aPTT?
Combining a statin with this fibrate markedly increases myopathy/rhabdomyolysis
What is gemfibrozil?
This diuretic class is best for edema in HF/cirrhosis/CKD but not first‑line for HTN
What are loop diuretics?
This common ACE inhibitor adverse effect often prompts a switch to an ARB
What is cough?
These two electrolytes must be corrected before and during class III antiarrhythmic therapy.
What are potassium and magnesium?
The usual INR goal for treatment of DVT/PE with warfarin.
What is 2.0–3.0?
These are the first‑line drugs to lower LDL and reduce ASCVD events
What are statins?
These diuretics plus digoxin plus hypokalemia will cause what?
What is Loop/thiazide diuretics and digoxin toxicity.
Used in hypertensive emergencies, this IV vasodilator must be protected from light due to cyanide toxicity risk.
What is sodium nitroprusside?
What's the adult dose of EPI in an adult cardiac arrest?
1mg EPI 1:10,000 every 3-5min
This is the only IV fluid that should run with packed red blood cells.
What is 0.9% normal saline?
This lab is checked at baseline for statins and repeated only if symptoms occur.
What is ALT (liver enzymes)?
This aldosterone antagonist improves survival in HFrEF but can cause gynecomastia
What is spironolactone?
This combination of RAAS drugs should be avoided due to hyperkalemia/hypotension without added benefit.
What are ACE inhibitors plus ARBs?
This class III agent requires thyroid, liver, and pulmonary monitoring due to organ toxicities
What is amiodarone?
This is your very first action when a transfusion reaction is suspected.
What is stop the transfusion?
These injectable agents can drop LDL dramatically and reduce events in very high‑risk patients
What are PCSK9 inhibitors (alirocumab/evolocumab)?
Used to lower ICP/IOP, this osmotic agent may worsen pulmonary edema and is avoided in anuria
What is mannitol?
A positive inotrope with HF therapeutic range 0.5–0.9 ng/mL; reduces hospitalizations but not mortality
What is digoxin?
Explain the mechanism of action of amiodarone.
Class III antiarrhythmic; Prolongs repolarization by blocking potassium channels.
Co‑administration with nitrates is contraindicated within 24–48 hours due to risk of profound hypotension
What are phosphodiesterase‑5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil/vardenafil within 24 h; tadalafil within 48 h)?