Assessment
For children younger than 5 years old, nutritional status is primarily assessed using stunting, wasting, and __________.
Answer: What is weight?
Rationale:
These three indicators are the primary measures of nutritional status in young children.
The only two forms of nutrition for a newborn under one month of age are breastmilk and __________.
Answer: What is formula?
Rationale:
Newborns under 1 month receive nutrition only from breastmilk or formula.
Infants should double their birth weight by ______ months of age.
Answer: What is 6?
Rationale: Infants typically double their birth weight by 6 months as part of normal growth patterns.
Toddlers typically gain up to _____ lb per year.
Answer: What is 5?
Rationale: Growth slows compared to infancy; toddlers gain approximately 4–6 lb annually.
The Faces Pain Scale is a __________-based assessment tool.
Answer: What is picture?
Rationale:
Children select a face that best represents their pain.
Rooting, sucking, and hand movements are __________ cues in the newborn.
Answer: What is hunger?
Rationale:
These behaviors signal readiness to feed and should be recognized early by caregivers.
Grasping a cube with the palm of the hand is called a ______ grasp.
Answer: What is palmar?
Rationale: The palmar grasp develops around 5 months and uses the whole hand.
The normal respiratory rate for a toddler is _____ to _____ /min.
Answer: What is 25; 30?
Rationale: Toddler respiration becomes more regular and rhythmic compared to infancy.
In pediatric assessments, examination techniques are adapted to the client’s age and __________ level.
Answer: What is developmental?
Rationale:
Children’s abilities vary by developmental stage, requiring age-appropriate assessment techniques.
Breastfed newborns require oral supplementation of vitamin __________.
Answer: What is D?
Rationale:
Breastmilk alone does not provide adequate vitamin D; 400 IU/day is recommended.
The posterior fontanel typically closes by ______ months of life.
Answer: What is 2?
Rationale: Closure of the posterior fontanel is a normal milestone of skull and brain development.
The most common site for measuring blood pressure in toddlers is the _____.
Answer: What is right upper arm?
Rationale: Correct cuff size is essential; if the arm is unavailable, a lower extremity can be used.
Until adolescence, most subjective data during a pediatric physical examination is provided by the __________.
Answer: What is parents?
Rationale:
Parents supply or confirm most subjective information for younger children.
Harness straps should be fastened flatly over the newborn’s ______.
Answer: What is shoulders?
Rationale: Proper strap placement over the shoulders ensures the infant is securely restrained without risk of slipping.
Scribbling after a demonstration is expected at ______ months.
Answer: What is 12?
Rationale: Fine motor control and coordination for writing emerge around 1 year.
At 15 months, a toddler should be able to _____ at least two small objects.
Answer: What is stack?
Rationale: Stacking objects demonstrates early fine motor coordination and hand-eye coordination.
The Numeric Rating Scale is appropriate for clients aged __________ years and older.
Answer: What is 7?
Rationale:
Numeric scales require cognitive ability to understand numerical ranking.
Secondhand smoke can remain on clothes and ______, making it dangerous to newborns.
Answer: What is hair?
Rationale: Smoke residue on clothing and hair can still expose newborns to toxins.
For infants at home struggling with oral aversion, food should be implemented during ______ to encourage a positive feeding experience.
Answer: What is playtime?
Rationale:
Incorporating food into play allows infants to explore oral interactions without pressure, reducing anxiety and fear associated with feeding.
At 24 months, toddlers use _____ appropriately (e.g., waving, blowing kisses, nodding).
Answer: What is gestures?
Rationale: Using gestures shows emerging social communication skills.
Head circumference measurements are performed in children up to __________ years of age.
Answer: What is 2?
Rationale:
Head circumference reflects brain growth and is only measured until age 2.
Weight gain of less than __________ grams per day may indicate altered nutrition.
Answer: What is 30?
Rationale:
Poor weight gain (<30 g/day) may signal nutritional deficiencies or underlying disorders.
Oral iron supplementation is recommended for infants starting at ______ months if they are at risk for iron deficiency.
Answer: What is 4?
Rationale:
Infants are born with enough iron stores to last until about 6 months. Oral iron drops starting at 4 months help prevent iron deficiency, especially in premature or exclusively breastfed infants.
Parents should never perform a _____ sweep of a child’s mouth if foreign body aspiration is suspected.
Answer: What is blind?
Rationale: Blind sweeps can push the object further into the airway.
For infants who cannot stand, recumbent length is measured using an __________.
Answer: What is infantometer?
Rationale:
An infantometer allows accurate length measurement in infants and toddlers.
Newborns must be positioned in a ______-reclined car seat to help keep the airway open.
Answer: What is semi?
Rationale: A semi-reclined position helps prevent the newborn’s head from falling forward and obstructing the airway.
If an infant continues to struggle with food or bottle aversion despite interventions at home, a referral may be made to a ______ or behavioral therapist.
Answer: What is speech?
Rationale:
Speech therapists or behavioral therapists are trained to address feeding aversions through structured interventions, helping infants develop safe and positive feeding skills.
There is no amount of _____ exposure that is safe for children.
Answer: What is lead?
Rationale: Even small amounts of lead can negatively affect growth, development, and neurological function.