Types of Strokes
What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA) often referred to as?
What is a "mini stroke" or "warning sign"?
How does smoking affect the risk of stroke?
What is smoking damages the vessels leading to reduced blood flow?
What is the most common symptom of hemorrhagic stroke?
What is the worst headache of their life?
What imaging technique is commonly used first to diagnose a stroke?
What is a CT scan?
What is the first-line treatment for an ischemic stroke?
What is Thrombolytic therapy (tPA)?
What type of stroke occurs due to a burst blood vessel?
What is Hemorrhagic Stroke?
What is the most common risk factor for stroke?
What is hypertension?
What does BE-FAST stand for? Explain each of these and what you are looking for.
What is...
Balance Loss - loss of balance or coordination
Eyesight Loss - double vision or loss of visual field
Facial Drooping - is one side drooping
Arm Weakness - can they keep their arms up or are they drifting down
Speech - difficulty speaking or slurred speech
Time - Act fast - Time is BRAIN!
For strokes, why is an MRI not the diagnostic of choice?
What is it takes too long?
What is the time window for administering tPA?
What is within 3-4.5 hours of symptom onset?
Which type of stroke is more common?
What is Ischemic Stroke?
Which heart condition is a significant risk factor for ischemic stroke?
What is Atrial Fibrillation?
What are the two most common symptoms of a right sided stroke?
What is personality changes and emotional lability?
Remember RIGHT is RECKLESS!
What diagnostic test would you perform to identify a potential cardiac cause in a patient with a suspected ischemic stroke?
What is an ECG or EKG?
What surgical procedure can remove a blood clot in the brain?
What is an Thrombectomy?
Which type of stroke is most likely to result in a poor prognosis?
What is Hemorrhagic Stroke?
How does diabetes contribute to the risk of stroke?
What is diabetes causes thick sugar in the blood which puts more pressure on the blood vessels causing damage?
What are the two most common symptoms of a left sided stroke? Give an example of each.
What is language and logic?
Language - Aphasia or dysarthria
Logic - problems with mathematical skills or thinking
What is an CT angiogram used for in stroke diagnosis?
What is to visualize blood vessels in the brain before administering tPA?
What medications are contraindicated in a client who received tPA 12 hours ago and why?
What is Antiplatelets (Aspirin/Clopidogrel) or Anticoagulants (Warfarin/Heparin)?
Patients must wait 24 hours before receiving these medications as they increase the risk of bleeding.
What type of stroke is caused by a blockage in an artery AND what is the source?
What is Ischemic Stroke and Atherosclerosis.
What lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of stroke?
Name at least 3.
What is heart healthy diet, quit smoking, increase exercise, control your blood sugar and blood pressure?
Explain all three types of Aphasias.
What is:
Expressive (Broca) - can understand what is said but cannot speak; difficulty writing but may be able to read
Receptive (Wernicke) - cannot understand spoken or written words – can talk although meaningless
Global - speech, reading and writing are equally affected
Name three conditions that can mimic stroke-like symptoms, how to rule them out, and how to treat them.
What is:
Migraines - get a CT scan - Pain meds, encourage rest in a dark, quiet environment and provide hydration.
Hypoglycemia - check the patients blood sugar - Administer glucose orally (if the patient is conscious and can swallow) or intravenously (D50) if the patient is unconscious or unable to swallow.
Hypoxia - check the patients oxygen saturation or ABG - give oxygen!
What medications can you give to a patient with a hemorrhagic stroke experiencing vasospasms?
What is calcium channel blockers such as Nimodipine?