AKI
AKI is a temporary prognosis to this
What is CKD?
CKD is progressive and irreversible; this does not recover
What is kidney function?
intra-renal and a bacterial infection in the kidney and renal pelvis, can be acute or chronic; pain mgt, catheter replacement, antibiotics, increase fluids
What is pyelonephritis?
the amount of fluid a patient should drink per day unless on fluid restriction
What is 2L?
patients on peritoneal dialysis require this amount of protein per day
What is 1.2-1.5g/kg/day?
AKI is defined as an increase of serum creatinine by _________ mg/dL or more within __________
What is 0.3 and 48 hours?
CKD is associated with _________, __________, ___________
What is azotemia, uremia, and uremic syndrome?
associated with HTN, progressive kidney damage, and sodium retention and edema are common with this condition; therefore monitoring weight is important
What is glomerulonephritis?
genetic disorder in which fluid-filled cysts develop on the nephrons; abdominal fullness is first symptom- cannot be prevented; and goal of care is to
What is polycystic kidney disease and manage HTN?
patients on dialysis require dietary changes that include
What is limit fluids, salt, K+, phosphorus, and other electrolytes; eat low-protein diet; and get enough calories when wt. loss is apparent?
the three types of AKI and causes
What is pre-renal, intra-renal, and post-renal?
Pre-renal- reduced tissue perfusion
Intra-renal - injury to glomeruli, nephrons, or tubules
Post-renal- obstruction of urine flow
when this is increased the risk for progression of CKD, ESKD, and mortality are also increased
What is albumin?
Secondary glomerulonephritis can caused by, name 1
What is SLE, TTP, small vessel vasculitis, systemic necrotizing vasculitis, diabetic glomerulopathy, and sickle cell disease?
syndrome where glomerular permeability increases so large molecules pass through the membrane into the urine and are then excreated; proteinuria and hematuria present
What is nephrotic syndrome?
part of the care of the client on dialysis is psychosocial, what should the nurse include in the psychosocial assessment?
What is assess understanding and feelings related to dx and what treatment is necessary; assess coping strategies?
any patient with pre-existing reduced _______ is at risk of AKI
What is GFR?
these ethnic groups should always have an evaluation of blood pressure at each encounter
What is African Americans and American Indians?
post-renal AKI and caused by an obstruction near the kidney or obstruction in the ureter; obstruction seen with these two diagnositic tests?
What is renal ultrasound and KUB?
Hyperkalemia is common in those with chronic kidney disease, what nursing intervention is priority?
What is monitor K+ levels, place on cardiac monitor, assess for cardiac changes?
B/P or IV placement cannot be taken on an extremity if this is present
What is hemodialysis access devices- vascath, graft, fistula?
patients with AKI are at risk of anemia due to decreased production of this
What is erythropoietin?
this medication is useful in controlling HTN and preserving kidney function
What is ACE inhibitors?
Hydronephrosis can be treated with a nephrostomy tube placement; what must be monitored after placement
What is bleeding, urine output, pain (back pain), monitor for recurrent infection (color, clarity, odor)?
patients with chronic kidney conditions are at risk for __________, __________, __________.
What is infection, fluid & electrolyte imbalance, and acid-base balance?
drug toxicity can occur in patients during the late stages of kidney disease; what medications should be monitored for toxicity?
What are medications that contain calcium, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus; digoxin, opioids and anticoagulants?