Acute Kidney Injury
This type of AKI is caused by decreased renal perfusion.
prerenal AKI
This is the most common cause of hypotension during hemodialysis.
rapid fluid removal
Most common symptom of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis.
abdominal pain
AKI often leads to accumulation of this nitrogenous waste.
BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
Main indication for emergent dialysis in AKI.
ife-threatening electrolyte imbalance (e.g. hyperkalemia)
This AKI phase features gradual increase in urine output, but with impaired concentration.
diuretic phase
This neurologic complication can present with headache, nausea, and altered mental status post-dialysis.
dialysis disequilibrium syndrome
Empiric antibiotics for peritonitis must cover these organisms.
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
This lab pattern indicates hemolysis or rhabdomyolysis, a known AKI trigger.
elevated creatine kinase (CK)
This class of drugs is often held in AKI to avoid worsening perfusion.
ACE inhibitors or ARBs
This condition can cause obstructive AKI and presents with bilateral hydronephrosis in older males.
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Most common site for infection in dialysis patients.
vascular access site
This electrolyte abnormality in AKI can cause arrhythmias.
hyperkalemia
AKI patients often present with this serum abnormality due to decreased phosphate excretion.
hyperphosphatemia
This dietary restriction is important in peritonitis patients with fluid overload.
sodium restriction
This autoimmune disease can present as AKI with hematuria and red cell casts.
glomerulonephritis
This complication is most likely if a hemodialysis patient suddenly becomes septic.
catheter-related bloodstream infection
This acid-base imbalance is commonly seen in advanced AKI.
metabolic acidosis
This lifestyle change is critical to managing fluid overload in dialysis patients.
fluid restriction and sodium reduction
This is the definitive treatment for ESRD when dialysis is no longer effective or tolerated.
kidney transplant
This type of AKI involves direct damage to renal tubules and is commonly caused by ischemia or nephrotoxins.
Intrarenal AKI
This synthetic hormone is often prescribed to dialysis patients to stimulate erythropoiesis.
erythropoietin (or epoetin alfa)
This is the classic triad of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.
abdominal pain, cloudy effluent, and fever
This serum protein, when low, is a significant indicator of malnutrition and is associated with poor outcomes in dialysis patients.
albumin
This radiologic sign suggests urinary tract obstruction on ultrasound.
hydronephrosis