Diabetes 101
What are the 2 classifications of Diabetes and the difference in their etiology?
What is Type 1 (autoimmune) and Type 2 (usually due to insulin resistance or the body doesn't use what it makes effectively)?
What does the term euthyroid mean?
The thyroid is functioning normally or in homeostasis?
Fruity breath, Kussmaul respirations, ketones in the urine, metabolic acidosis
What is Diabetic Ketoacidosis?
A patient is diagnosed with SIADH; what fluid and electrolyte imbalance will the nurse monitor for?
What is hyponatremia and fluid retention?
This cloudy insulin should be rolled gently, and should be drawn into the syringe after a clear
What is intermediate acting or NPH insulin?
This type of insulin is the only one that can given IV.
What is regular insulin?
The "master gland" of the body?
What is the pituitary gland?
Moon face, buffalo hump, bruising, thin skin?
What is Cushing's Disease?
The client presents with a BG of 45 and is awake and able to answer questions; what should the nurse do next?
What is implement the 15-15 rule?
Hydrocortisone, prednisone, and methylprednisolone belong to this medication class.
What are corticosteroids (glucocorticoids)?
The three Ps of Diabetes...
What are Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia?
What is the pancreas?
Heat intolerance, diarrhea, diaphoretic, irritability, exophthalmos, emotional lability
What is Hyperthyroidism or Graves Disease?
The nurse explains that a pheochromocytoma causes excessive secretion of these hormones from the adrenal medulla.
What are catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)?
This medication is commonly used to decrease thyroid hormone production in hyperthyroidism.
What is methimazole (Tapazole)?
Which medication is the first line treatment for Type 2 diabetics.
What is Metformin?
These glands located on top of your kidneys secrete vital steroid hormones and the catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine during acute stress.
What are the adrenal glands?
Energy loss, fatigue, sensitivity to cold, bradycardia, hypotension, slowed metabolism
What is Hypothyroidism?
A patient with Type 2 Diabetes becomes unconscious, has warm dry skin, and a blood glucose level of 850 mg/dL. They have no ketones in their urine, and no metabolic acidosis.
What is Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)?
This drug class stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin, can cause hypoglycemia, and is contraindicated in people who have sulfa allergies.
What are sulfonylureas?
You should rotate sites when injecting insulin to ensure good insulin absorption.
Trauma to or atrophy of these small glands located on the posterior area of the thyroid gland results in a drop in serum calcium levels resulting in elevated phosphorus levels, tetany, positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs, and muscle spasms.
What are the parathyroid glands?
Extremely low sodium. low cortisol levels, hypotension, hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia
What is Addisonian Crisis (or acute adrenal insufficiency)?
A nurse assesses a patient with severe untreated hypothyroidism and notes a decreased level of consciousness, hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension, and facial swelling.
What is myxedema coma?
A patient with severe hypoglycemia is unconscious and unable to swallow. Which medication should the nurse anticipate administering?
What is glucagon?