Respiratory/Metabplism
What positioning is said to help ARDS patients?
Prone
What is the first thing we do when we suspect a head injury?
Cervical collar to immobilize the spine
What does "MONA" stand for?
M: morphine
O: oxygen
N: nitroglycerin
A: aspirin
What is the main lab that indicates kidney function best?
Creatinine
What are the 3 things we must do if we suspect septic shock?
Blood cultures (before abx)
Fluids
Abx
Asterixis is a sign of what?
Hepatic encephalopathy
What are the 3 main causes of DIC?
sepsis, burns, and trauma
Why does chronic kidney disease cause anemia?
Decrease in erythropoietin production
What is a main symptom that indicates pancreatitis?
Pain not relieved by vomiting
What do these signs and symptoms indicate? (name and describe the cause of the condition:
-Weight gain
-Round trunk w/striae
-Moon face/buffalo hump
Cushing's syndrome, which is caused by an increased production of cortisol androgens
A complete lesion to C1-C5 causes what?
C1-C3 (ventilatory support)
C4-C5 (phrenic nerve impairment)
What are the 3 types of angina, and when do they occur?
Stable: occurs w/exertion and is relieved with rest
Unstable: can occur at rest
Variant (Prinzmetal's): can occur at rest or without precipitating factors, and can show ST elevation
What is the parkland formula for thermal and electrical burns?
Thermal: 2mL x Kg x %TBSA
Electrical: 4mL x Kg x %TBSA
What medication do we use to treat cardiogenic shock?
Inotropic agent (dobutamine)
What are the 3 key indicators of ARDS?
Dyspnea, tachypnea, and hypoxemia that DOES NOT respond to supplemental O2
What are some causes of autonomic dysreflexia?
Wrinkled bed sheets, pressure ulcer, kinked catheter, fecal impaction (basically anything causing stimulation to the person)
Hemorrhagic stroke
A patient presents to you with burns to the full right arm, anterior torso, genital region, and anterior right leg. What is the %TBSA?
37%
What is the treatment for infective endocarditis?
IV abx through a PICC line for 2-6 weeks, and can be done at home. Surgical intervention is necessary if abx do not work
How do we treat addisonian crisis?
Identify and treat cause, IV dextrose, and IV glucocorticoids
We see Cushing's triad in increasing ICP, what defines Cushing's triad?
Bradycardia, irregular respirations, and a widened pulse pressure (increase systolic BP)
An aortic dissection presents with this symptom
Feels like a ripping or tearing sensation with sudden intense chest pain
Give an example of a prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal AKI
Prerenal: MI, hemorrhage, hypertension, heart failure, trauma, cardiogenic shock, sepsis, diuretics, diabetes, burns
Intrarenal: IV contrast, nephrotoxic medications
Postrenal: clots, stones, catheter, BPH, tumors, edema, surgery
What does a red, yellow, green, and black tag mean during a disaster situation?
red: immediate care (sucking chest wound)
yellow: delayed care (stable wounds)
green: minimal care (fractures, minor burns)
black: expectant (unresponsive)