Fetal Circulation & Extrauterine Transition
Which fetal structure allows oxygenated blood to bypass the liver and enter the inferior vena cava?
What is the ductus venosus?
This type of postpartum hemorrhage occurs within the first 24 hours after birth.
What is early/primary PPH?
Jaundice that appears within the first 24 hours of life is considered this type.
What is pathologic jaundice
This score evaluates a newborn’s heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.
What is the Apgar score
This hormone is primarily responsible for milk production.
What is prolactin
During transition to extrauterine life, what primary factor triggers closure of the foramen ovale?
What is increased left atrial pressure after the first breaths
Fever, uterine tenderness, foul-smelling lochia, and late postpartum bleeding suggest this infection.
What is endometritis
Severe untreated hyperbilirubinemia can lead to this form of bilirubin-induced brain damage.
What is kernicterus
Grunting, nasal flaring, retractions, and central cyanosis are signs of this newborn complication.
What is respiratory distress
This hormone causes milk ejection, also called the let-down reflex.
What is oxytocin
Which cardiovascular adaptation is caused by clamping the umbilical cord and loss of the placenta?
What is increased systemic vascular resistance?
These are the 4 common causes of early/primary postpartum hemorrhage.
What are uterine atony, lacerations, retained placenta, and uterine inversion
Jitteriness, poor feeding, lethargy, and temperature instability can be signs of this newborn complication.
What is hypoglycemia
Heat loss that occurs when a newborn is near a cold window or wall, without touching it, is called this.
What is radiation
A breastfeeding client should use this type of compress before feeding to help milk flow.
What is a warm compress
What is the primary site of gas exchange for a fetus in utero?
What is the placenta?
What is the placenta
These are the 3 common causes of late/secondary postpartum hemorrhage.
What are retained placental fragments, subinvolution, and endometritis?
Newborns who are preterm, SGA, LGA, or born to diabetic mothers are at increased risk for this metabolic problem.
What is hypoglycemia
This soft scalp swelling can cross suture lines and usually resolves within a few days.
What is caput succedaneum
This physiologic change contributes to postpartum breast engorgement 48–72 hours after birth.
What is an increase in blood and lymph supply to the breasts?
Which chemical change in the blood is a primary internal stimulus that helps initiate a newborn’s first breath?
What are rising CO₂, decreasing O₂, and increasing metabolic acidosis
This emergency occurs when the uterus turns inside out and can cause severe early hemorrhage.
What is uterine inversion
During phototherapy, the newborn’s eyes should be protected and as much skin as possible exposed to help lower this substance.
What is bilirubin
A newborn suddenly extends and abducts the arms, opens the hands, then brings the arms back toward the body after a sudden loss of support. This is called this reflex.
What is the Moro reflex
After delivery of the placenta, the sharp drop in this hormone removes inhibition of prolactin and allows milk production to increase.
What is progesterone