Good
What is stop the infusion?
A patient who is exhibiting signs of an allergic reaction/anaphylaxis the first action should be taken is to withdraw/stop the medication.
This should be monitored routinely and would reflect the patient's respiratory status.
What is oxygen saturation?
The disease state where the body's pH is elevated to greater than 7.45 secondary to some respiratory or pulmonary process.
What is respiratory alkalosis?
What is tuberculosis?
Rationale for these drugs: Rifampin is used to kill slower growing micro-organisms; Isoniazid is used to kill actively growing mycobacteria; Pyrazinamide is taken for first 12 months of therapy and can shorten the entire course of therapy to 6 months; and Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis and is used to manage and treat TB.
What is suction if cough is ineffective or absent?
A humidifier bottle (sometimes called a bubbler) should be attached to prevent drying of the mucous membranes anytime this happens with O2 therapy via nasal cannula.
What is receiving oxygen greater than 4 L/min via nasal cannula?
Patients with this disease condition should not have high O2 sats or being on high oxygen because these patients use hypoxia to drive their breathing.
What is COPD?
If these patients oxygen levels get too high, the stimulus to breath is reduced and retain further amounts of CO2.
Cardinal symptoms for this are related to the chest / thorax and include the following symptoms: severe dyspnea, decreased level of consciousness, hypotension.
What is acute respiratory failure (ARF)?
This should be done to help prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
What is meticulous oral care?
At a minimum, the nurse should brush the patient's teeth every 12 hours and rinse the mouth with an antimicrobial rinse (suction out) to reduce the growth of bacteria.
This can promote liquefaction and thinning of pulmonary secretions, which improves the patients ability to cough and remove secretions.
What is increase fluid intake to 1500 to 2500 mL daily?
Decreased O2 saturations, crackles upon auscultation, diminished breath sounds in the bases, and dyspnea occur with this.
What is atelectasis?
This lab test should be requested by a nurse of a patient has a sudden onset of dyspnea with pleuritic (sharp) chest pain (with respiration) along with hypotension after a long trip or having venous stasis for long periods of time.
D-dimer is a nonspecific test which checks for blood clotting problems (measures the protein your body makes to break down clots), but can be help diagnosis DVT/PE.
This is characterized by restlessness, tachycardia, dyspnea, pain with respiration, asymmetrical chest expansion, and diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side.
What is a pneumothorax?
Tube dislodgement and accidental decannulation are potential complications of a tracheostomy, and this is why this is done when performing tracheostomy care.
What is secure new tracheostomy ties before removing the old ones?
By keeping the old ties in place while applying new ties, the nurse can secure the tube and prevent dislodgement.
With a three chamber closed chest tube system, this is what is called the normal fluid in the water seal chamber rising 2 to 4 inches during inhalation (inspiration) and falls during exhalation.
What is tidaling?
An absence of tidaling might indicate a fully expanded lung or an obstruction in the chest tube.
What is gag reflex?
Because the treatment for pulmonary embolism includes this drug treatment, an aPTT is drawn prior to this medication therapy.
What is anticoagulation (not warfarin [so not a PT/INR] because.... that takes too long to work, but unfractionated heparin, low-molecular weight heparin, or fondaparinux)?
Laryngeal cancer, a malignant tumor of the larynx, is often caused by long exposure to tobacco and alcohol and this is the symptom which is considered the earliest manifestation of this cancer.
What is hoarseness?
Hoarseness that does not resolve for several weeks is the earliest manifestation of cancer of the larynx because the tumor impedes the action of the vocal cords during speech. The voice may sound harsh and lower in pitch than normal.
According to evidence-based practice, the nurse should first monitor these for manifestations of central cyanosis.
Where is the tongue and lips?
Cyanosis is most evident in areas with minimal pigmentation.
During transport, the drainage system for a chest tube should be kept here to prevent air and drainage fluid from re-entering the thoracic cavity.
This should be done after having positive throat cultures for streptococcal infection and after taking antibiotics for 24 hours.
What is replace the toothbrush?
Using a contaminated toothbrush can reintroduce the bacteria and spread to others if others handle the toothbrush (like parents assisting their children).
Avoiding venous stasis (active leg exercises, early ambulation, and use of anti-embolism stockings are the general preventive measures for this, but sequential compression devices, mechanical prophylaxis, graduated compression stockings, and anticoagulation can also be used to prevent this.
What is DVT and pulmonary embolism (PE generally occurs from a DVT)?
What is stridor?
Inhale deeply and then exhale completely; place the lips firmly around the mouth piece if using a spacer or 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm; 2-3 fingers away) from the mouth if no spacer is being used; breathe in deeply over 2 to 3 seconds while pushing down on the canister; hold breath for 10 seconds; exhale slowly through pursed lips; and wait 60 seconds between puffs are the correct order/steps for using this.
What is a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)?
Verifying the oxygen flow rate daily; checking the nasal cannula position on a regular basis; checking the tops of the ears for skin breakdown; posting "no smoking" signs in a prominent location in the home; if patient smokes to not smoke while wearing oxygen; and protecting the nares with water-based lubricant or saline nasal spray to reduce dryness and irritation (never petroleum ointments) are all important things to do with this.
What is patient teaching for home oxygen therapy?