Good
If a patient has systolic pressure between 120 and 130 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure between 80 and 89 mm Hg, this patient is considered to have this.
What is prehypertension?
This is a priority in obtaining when a patient complains of chest pain.
What is obtain an EKG to detect heart rhythm abnormalities within 10 min of the patient's reported chest pain/discomfort?
This wave is the initial wave of a sinus rhythm and is an electrical representation of atrial depolarization.
What is the P wave?
The nurse should infuse packed RBCs for no longer than this due to temperature inconsistencies that develop over time and the possibility of bacterial contamination.
What is 4 hours?
During transport, the drainage system should be kept at this level to prevent air and drainage fluid from re-entering the thoracic cavity.
What is below the level of the client's chest?
What are peaked T waves? (sometimes a widened QRS on ECG).
So, resolution of the potassium imbalance should restore these ECG changes to baseline.
Although all vital signs are important, thus why they are called vital signs. But this vital sign is most important to obtain prior to a blood transfusion.
What is temperature?
The greatest risk to the patient is injury from a blood transfusion reaction. Therefore, the priority action is to take a baseline temperature measurement. The nurse should then monitor the client's temperature throughout the infusion as an increase in temperature can indicate an adverse reaction.
This heart rhythm causes a disorganized twitching of the atrial muscles; the rate is irregular with no visible P waves. The ventricular response is irregular which results in an irregular pulse and a pulse deficit.
What is atrial fibrillation?
This is the priority action if a patient becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. Monitor shows ventricular fibrillation rhythm.
What is defibrillation?
The greatest risk to the client is death from a lack of cardiac output. Ventricular fibrillation is a lethal rhythm in which the ventricles are in a quivering pattern and there is no atrial activity. Defibrillation is essential to resolve ventricular fibrillation promptly and convert the rhythm to restore cardiac output. The nurse should follow defibrillation with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and repeated defibrillation, if necessary, to convert the ventricular fibrillation into a sustainable rhythm.
One should see this on an EKG if a pacemaker is functioning correctly.
What are pacing spikes?
If the atrial is being paced, the spike will be found before the P wave. If ventricularly paced, the pacing spike will be found before the QRS. IF both are being paced, you should see pacing spikes before the P wave and before the QRS.
When assessing after a cardiac catheterization, what pulse should be the priority in your frequent assessments?
What is the most distal pulse of the extremity?
The most distal pulse refers to the pulse that is at the farthest point on the affected extremity. For example, the dorsalis pedis pulse on the anterior foot is the most distal pulse below the femoral artery.
This indicates there is an air leak in the drainage system with a patient who has a disposable three-chamber chest tube in place.
What is excessive and continuous bubbling in the water-seal chamber?
Per your text, this would be a radiographic test you would question if ordered if a patient has a permanent pacemaker and/or ICD.
What is an MRI?
Truthfully, there are criteria where a patient can still have an MRI as now there are devices that are now MRI compatible, and as long as there are no unattached leads, it is safe to have a MRI. But per your book, A permanent pacemaker/ICD is a contraindication for MRI of the chest. The magnets in the machine can create electromagnetic interference and cause the pacemaker to malfunction.
This medication should be held 2 days before a cardiac catheterization due to possibly causing an acute kidney injury in the presence of contrast dye. Some providers may also recommend holding for 2 days after the contrast dye as additional precaution.
What is metformin?
This procedure should be expected when a patient has ventricular tachycardia and a pulse (don't get this confused with treatment of SVT-supraventricular tachycardia).
What is cardioversion, or elective cardioversion?
Elective cardioversion is the priority intervention when the patient is awake and responsive (meaning they have a pulse). Ventricular tachycardia might not be an immediate threat to the client, but it does require intervention to prevent long-term cardiac impairment or progress to pulseless VT.
This cardiac test requires a patient to lay quietly on the left side with slight head elevation.
What is an echocardiogram?
An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart. This common test can show blood flow through the heart and heart valves and the pictures from the test can be used to find heart disease and other heart conditions.
What is should keep their cellular phone on the side opposite the ICD, as close proximity could interfere with the ICD’s function?
A pulmonary artery (PA) catheter is inserted into the pulmonary artery and monitors this by measuring pulmonary artery pressures and cardiac output.
What is hemodynamic status?
This is the type of reaction a patient gets when receiving blood, they become febrile, with chills and red-tinged urine.
What is a hemolytic transfusion?
A hemolytic transfusion reaction occurs when antibodies in the recipient's blood react to foreign blood cells introduced by the transfusion. The antibodies bind to the foreign cells and destroy them in a process known as hemolysis. The destroyed cells are excreted by the kidneys (hemoglobinuria), causing the red-tinged urine. Hemolytic transfusion reactions can result in acute renal injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and circulatory collapse.
This is the priority when the nurse suspects a blood transfusion reaction.
What is stop the administration of blood?
The greatest risk to the patient is injury from receiving additional blood; therefore, the first action the nurse should take is to stop the infusion of blood.
These labs are used to help identify an MI and to also help know how much of the heart was affected.
What are cardiac enzymes?
Cardiac enzyme studies are obtained because the degree of enzyme elevation reflects the degree of damage to the myocardium. The enzymes most commonly measured are CPK, CK-MB, and troponin. These enzymes have a characteristic rise and fall pattern after an MI. It may take 4 hr or more after the onset of manifestations for the test to become abnormal and up to 24 hr for the level to peak. Eventually, the levels in the blood fall back to normal. Consequently, serial blood tests must be taken from the client to document and evaluate enzyme levels.
This reflects the time it takes for ventricular depolarization and repolarization. The nurse should measure the QT interval from the start of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave
What is the QT interval?
The nurse should measure the QT interval from the start of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave
These are nursing actions that should be performed in preparing a patient who is about to have a cardiac catheterization.
What are after the provider explains the procedure the nurse should witness the client's signature on the informed consent form; obtain the client's vital signs and notify the preoperative nurse of any values that are outside the expected reference range; and confirm the client's allergies and verify an allergy band has been applied to the client’s wrist. The client's allergies should also be listed in their medical record.
Turbulent blood flow through a valve generates this, possibly due to a malfunctioning valve, increased blood flow, or some type of defect in the structures of or around the heart.
What is a murmur?
If there is a difference between a radial and apical pulse, this means there is probably related to this.
This would be more likely with atrial fibrillation, frequent PVCs, or frequent PACs.