Respiratory system
This is composed of the conducting airways, which are responsible for moving air in and out of the lung tissues, and respiratory airways, which is where gas exchange occurs.
What is the respiratory system?
This over the counter decongestant should be avoided in patients with vascular disease and hypertension before speaking with their provider because of the potential for vasoconstriction, which would aggravate the chronic condition.
What is pseudoephedrine?
This is considered a "rescue" medication due to its rapid onset of action.
What is albuterol?
This cardiac medication class would need to have clarification if prescribed with a patient who has asthma or COPD.
What are beta blockers?
The use of this device with an MDI helps the increase the amount of medication delivered to the lungs.
What is a spacer?
This non medication intervention should be recommended with all patients for health maintenance, but especially with patients with any type of lung disease.
What is smoking cessation?
This class of medication includes guaifenesin and is used to to liquify respiratory tract secretions and increase productive cough to clear the airways.
What are expectorants?
This is used to increase the amount of medication that reaches the lungs, especially in children and adults who have a hard time managing their MDI.
What is a spacer?
This should be included when teaching a patient taking an inhaled steroid due to the medication reducing the patient's immunity and increases infection such as Candida albicans.
What is rinsing the mouth after use, and inspecting the mouth daily for lesions?
Nasal flaring, retractions, cough, tachypnea, and decreased oxygen saturations are all symptoms of this.
What is respiratory distress?
This is a hereditary disease involving the epithelial lining of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts, which causes copious amounts of thick secretions in the lungs.
What is cystic fibrosis?
These thick secretions can obstruct the airways, leading to recurrent infections and potential destruction of the lung tissue.
This class of medications are used to increase or liquefy respiratory secretions to aid in clearing of the airways in high-risk respiratory patients who are coughing up thick, tenacious secretions. Acetylcysteine is a medication in this class.
What are mucolytics?
This is an adverse effect of using an inhaled glucocorticoid and long acting beta2 adrenergic agonist combination inhalation medication that is used for daily management of asthma.
What is oropharyngeal candidiasis?
Encouraging patients to drink plenty of fluids, using a humidifier if possible, avoiding smoke-filled rooms, and use of good skin care and moisturizers are needed due to this class may cause dryness of skin and mucous membranes.
This common OTC decongestant should only be used longer than 3 to 5 days because it can cause rebound congestion.
What is oxymetazoline (Afrin)?
This incomplete expansion of alveoli can be prevented with deep breathing, coughing, and use of incentive spirometry.
What is atelectasis?
This antihistamine is also used as a sleep aid as well due to its sedating effect, and a reason to instruct patients not to drive until effects are known if taking for seasonal allergies.
What is diphenhydramine?
This leukotrine modifier requires patient education regarding adverse events because it can cause neuropsychiatric effects such as depression, behavior changes, hallucinations, and suicide ideation and should be given at night.
What is montelukast?
This should be educated to a patient if taking antihistamines due to causing an additive CNS depression.
What is avoiding concurrent use of alcohol, opioids, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines?
This is the main difference between first generation and second generation antihistamines.
What is sedation with first-generation and non-sedation with second generation?
The absence of this leads to alveolar collapse, and is produced by the type II cells in the alveoli.
What is surfactant?
This class of medications actually try to block the cough reflex.
What are antitussives?
If taking a xanthine for long-term control of asthma or COPD, this will increase the metabolism of the drug.
What is smoking?
This would be another reason for educating about smoking cessation. This lifestyle change should be part of education for a patient newly diagnosed with any pulmonary disorder.
A serum range of 5-15 mcg/mL.
What is the therapeutic range of theophylline?
This mucolytic is also used for acetaminophen overdose.
What is acetylcysteine?