Lung Drama
Cystic Fibrosis Diet
High Protein & High Calorie
Crackles, dyspnea, and orthopnea are signs of this type of heart failure ________.
Peripheral edema, weight gain, and jugular vein distention suggest_________.
left-sided heart failure
right-sided heart failure
______ is the medication needed in CF patients with each meal or snack to help with _________.
-Pancreatic enzymes (Creon)
-Absorption / Digestion of lipids
A child with Tetralogy of Fallot is having a "Tet-Spell" where they become cyanotic and tachypneic. What is the nurse's best intervention?
Place the child in a knee-to-chest position.
A 9-year-old with asthma presents to the ER with increased respiratory rate, inspiratory and expiratory wheezes, and increased work of breathing. Which order is your priority?
-Admin 2 puffs of fluticasone (flovent)
-Admin a nebulizer with a SABA (albuterol)
-Obtain CBC and electrolyte labs
-Prepare child for chest x-ray
- Nebulizer with short acting beta agonist medication such as albuterol (proventil)
A premature infant lacks surfactant leading to alveolar collapse. This condition is known as:
What is Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?
What occurs due to temporary oxygen demand exceeding supply to the heart?
Stable Angina
For a 4-month old with bronchiolitis, what medication would the nurse expect to see ordered?
What is Tylenol.
NO antibiotics or steroids or cough suppressants needed
Which cardiac defect includes a machine-like murmur?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Your COPD patient's plan of care involves which of the following?
- 8 L of Oxygen at Night
-Respiratory Isolation Room
-Frequent Rest Periods
-Fluid Restriction
COPD patients need frequent rest periods throughout the day.
Why are infants with BPD at increased risk for respiratory infections?
What is damaged lung tissue and impaired mucociliary clearance
*remember to assess hydration status
Following a STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) the nurse should look for what complication assessment finding?
Bleeding
STEMI management requires aggressive, life-saving antithrombotic and anticoagulant therapies (e.g., heparin, fibrinolytics, aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors). These potent medications increase the risk of serious, potentially fatal bleeding.
Which medication class reduces preload and fluid overload in heart failure?
Diuretics
VSD and ASD are classified as what type of shunt?
What is a left-to-right shunt?
A parent asks the nurse how to make sure their infant with bronchiolitis is getting enough nutrition. What are TWO ways to support this patient during feeding?
-suction prior to feeding
-small, frequent feeds
A silent chest in a severe asthma attack is concerning because it indicates:
What is minimal air movement and impending respiratory failure
This condition involves weakening or abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, reducing cardiac output.
What is cardiomyopathy
What are THREE teaching points for your CAD patient that is prescribed nitroglycerin?
-Tablets are sublingual
-Store tablets in dark colored bottle they came in
-Keep the medication with you at all times
-Repeat the dose if still having pain up to three times then seek Emergency help
-Do not also take erectile disfunction meds = decreases BP
-Do not smoke while on nitro
-Follow provider orders/timing/dose information
Which cardiac defect would the patient have absent or diminished femoral pulses?
Coarctation of the Aorta
The narrowing or “pinched” aorta. When the coarctation occurs, there is decreased blood flow to the lower body.
Your patient just started reporting dyspnea, anxiety, tachycardia, and diaphoresis. What are you concerned about? How do you manage it?
DVT
Raise the head of the bed and give O2, notify provider, and administer anticoagulant therapy.
The nurse is performing a cardiac assessment on a patient. How can the nurse best assess left-sided heart function?
Status of Breath Sounds
Also...Assess for shortness of breath, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, or the need to sleep with multiple pillows
If left-sided heart failure is suspected, these signs represent fluid backing up into the lungs rather than the peripheral edema typical of right-sided failure.
What category of cardiac defects allows blood to shunt from the high pressure (left) to the lower pressure (right)?
Right-sided heart failure
Left → Right shunt = too much blood to lungs → pulmonary overload → right heart failure
(Acyanotic Lesions)
Your client that received a large dose of midazolam (versed) and their RR is now at 4. What medication do you plan on administering next?
flumazenil (Romazicon) reverses midazolam (versed)
Why does a PDA need to be closed after birth?
to prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs.
An infant with BPD suddenly shows increased work of breathing and decreased oxygen saturation. The nurse should first:
Assess airway patency and administer supplemental oxygen