Complications of IV therapy
Inflammation of the veins that includes edema, throbbing, burning and warmth to the touch. A red line can be visible up the arm and palpable cord is present
Phlebitis?
Peripherally inserted IV that ends in superior vena cava
What is PICC
For fluids, medication and blood products.
location: hand, wrist, forearms, antecubital
Less than 3 inches long
Peripheral IV
Carries blood away from the heart, is oxygenated, and is bright red in color
What is artery
Balance of the internal environment of the body
Homeostasis
Symptoms include distended neck veins, increased BP, SOB, crackles and edema.
Hypervolemia
For patients that require frequent and or long-term IV therapy. Enters the body and ends in the superior vena cava (SVC)
What is central line
What action should the nurse take to help maintain patency of the IV cannula
Perform a regularly scheduled flush
Inflammation of a vein
What is phelbitis
Outside the cell
Extracellular
IV solution or medication that leaks into the tissue.
Infiltration
Sharply tipped plastic end of the drip chamber
Spike
What type of solution is used when flushing the IV after confirming patency?
0.9% normal saline or heparin
IV site is cool to touch and pale
What is infiltration
Uptake of medication into the body through or across tissues
What is absorption
Obstruction of vessel by air caused by disconnection between IV catheter and IV tubing, IV bag running dry or infusion of air into tubing.
Air embolism
No longer sterile; soiled or unclean
Contaminated
The nurse notes coolness of the skin at the IV site and a slow infusion rate. What should the nurse do?
Stop the infusion
Collapse if blood is not flowing through them.
What are veins
Outside the cell
What is extracellular
Systemic infection with pathogens present in the blood
Sepsis/Septicemia
Symptoms of dehydration
hypotension, tachycardia, tenting of skin, thirst, decreased urine output
Fluid volume deficit vs fluid volume excess
Deficit: Dehydration, Decreased urination, low BP, tachycardia, urine specific gravity is high and concentrated, elevated electrolyte levels.
Treated with IV fluids or PO fluids
Fluid volume excess
Edema, swelling, fluid retention, HTN, tachycardia, skin will leak fluid, increased weight, cough
Treated with diuretics (Lasix, furosemide). Raise the head of the bed, give oxygen
The number of drops per minute needed to make the solution infuse in the prescribed amount of tim
What is drip rate (gtt rate)
Use of a chemical to treat disease, usually cancer.
What is chemotherapy
Proper technique and applying pressure after removal of an IV until bleeding has stopped help prevent this complication.
What is a hematoma
IV therapy that provides daily restoration of vital fluids and electrolytes
Restorative therapy
SOB, elevated temp, angioedema, rash, itching, chills, pain, anxiety, death
Transfusion Reaction
How long in hours and minutes an IV infusion is ordered to run
What is duration
Flexible tube that remains in the vein after insertion
What is catheter or cannula
Treatment for infiltration
Stop the infusion, elevate the extremity, encourage ROM, apply warm or cold compress, restart the infusion proximal (above) to site or at a different site
Administration of medication or an infusion that is not continuous but is interrupted between doses
Intermittent infusion
A 20-gauge catheter or larger is needed to administer these products.
What are blood products and IV contrast
To run IV fluids into the body
What is infuse
IV tubing that should be used when delivering large amounts of fluids
What is Macro drip
Hospital policies are used for what purpose.
What is reducing the risk factors and complications of intravenous therapy before patient harm occurs.
Ml per hour
Flow rate
The Site, location, Gauge, # of Attempts, Pt’s tolerance and any complications from insertion must be documented in this place
What is patient's EHR (electronic health record)
When discontinuing a patient's IV what does the nurse do first
What is close the roller clamp or stop the IV infusion
IV tubing that delivers 60 gtt/mL. Used when giving small amounts of fluids or to children.
What is micro drip tubing
IV flow that stops or slows, leaking around catheter, lack of blood return, Inflammation or blanching.
What is signs of complications
Gtts per minute
Drip rate
What is needed calculate flow rate
What is total volume and number of hours
This should all be included when labeling an IV infusion with date, time and initials
What is site, tubing and solution
Plastic connection at the end of the IV tubing
What is hub
Strong bounding pulse, JVD, crackles are all indications of
What is fluid overload
A patient who develops an infusion related infection should be monitored for
What is sepsis
Every 72 -96 hrs to reduce complications
What is change IV tubing
Because of less efficient cardiac function what population should be monitored for fluid overload
What is the elderly
Needle that is found within the catheter/cannula to allow penetration of the vein and is removed, leaving the cannula in place
What is stylet