Assessment
Patho & Etiology
Peripheral Vascular Dz
Nursing Knows
Pharmacology
100

True or False: Most patients diagnosed with hypertension report a history of headaches.

What is False? 

100

_____ hypertension is the term applied to hypertension related to genetic and environmental causes. _____hypertension is the term applied when hypertension results from multiple other conditions or causes, such as acute stress, excessive alcohol intake, sickle cell disease, female hormone therapy and nicotine use.

Primary (or essential); secondary

100

A nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed hypertensive client about sodium restrictions in the diet. What is the total mg sodium intake recommended for this this patient?

Less than or equal to 1500 mg/ day

100
Which of the following is a "normal" gerontologic change? a. metabolism and excretion of drugs may be prolonged b. increased adrenergic receptor sensitivity c. decrease peripheral vascular resistance d. development of dementia secondary to atherosclerosis
a.
100
This class of medications prescribed as treatment for hypertension act by reducing blood volume through excretion of water and electrolytes.
Diuretics
200

The nurse records a patient blood pressure of 140/92. The patient responds, "I've never had high blood pressure. Does this mean I will need to start taking medication?" What is the nurse's appropriate response?

What is "hypertension is diagnosed when taken at least twice and averaged on two different occasions 2 weeks apart". Persistent high readings may suggest the need for medication.

200

What are signs of target organ damage with hypertension and is this in the early stages or the later stages?

What are headache, dizziness, blurred vision, blackouts, irritability, angina, dyspnea, or fatigue and What is in the later stages?

200
Which of the following is known to have a high sodium content? (Select all that apply) a. salt substitutes b. bananas c. cheese d. soup/broth/bouillon
c & d
200
True or False: Patients with chronic hypertension can tolerate higher BP more than normotensive individuals.
True
200
This class of medications used to treat hypertension act by inhibiting the movement of calcium into vascular and smooth muscle.
Calcium channel blockers
300

The nurse observes the nursing assistant checking a patient's blood pressure using a cuff that is clearly too small. The nurse understands that this will cause the blood pressure measurement to read falsely __________.

What is High?

300

Understanding this vital hormone network that raises blood pressure and fluid volume is essential to understanding how antihypertensive medications work

What is the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone) System? 

300
When educating the client about physical activity changes that can help to lower/control blood pressure, the nurse tells the patient about AHA recommendations for 'moderate-intensity aerobic' activity each day. What is an example of this type of activity?
Walking fast, water aerobics, pushing lawn mower (Raise heart rate and possibly break a sweat)
300
A patient reports that he stopped taking his blood pressure medication because he couldn't afford it. The nurse initiates a referral to the patient's ________ _______ or _________ _________ to assist the client in obtaining the medications after discharge from the hospital. (hint: both of these patient advocates are part of the interdisciplinary team)
Case Manager; social worker
300
The patient is prescribed a potassium-sparing diuretic so the nurse knows to monitor the patients labs for hyperkalemia. What are normal lab values for K+?
3.5-5.1 mEq/L
400

How do Hypertensive Emergency and Hypertensive Urgency differ?

What is with Hypertensive Emergency, there is evidence of target organ damage; ICU admission and IV medication for immediate treatment will be required. With Hypertensive Urgency, there is no evidence of target organ damage; the patient may be treated in the Emergency Room with oral meds?

400

This ethnic group has the highest incidence of hypertension. 

What are Non-Hispanic Black people?

400
When teaching a hypertensive client about the effects of tobacco/smoking on the circulatory system, the nurse states, "Smoking causes your blood vessels to ___________".
Constrict
400
Your patient states that he has stopped his blood pressure medicine because he and his wife don't like the side effect. You try to investigate this further but he is noticeably vague and embarrassed. What is the potential side effect that he concerned about?
Sexual dysfunction
400
What classification of antihypertensive medications act through direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle?
Direct Vasodilators
500

Name three non pharmacological interventions that are recommended to aid in lowering blood pressure.

Potential answers: What are smoking cessation, weight reduction, sodium restriction, alcohol restriction, exercise, a low-fat diet, and stress control?

500

This number is the focus of treatment in hypertensive clients because it reflects the amount of pressure being exerted against the vessel walls while the heart is at rest.

What is diastolic pressure?

500
Stress stimulates what part of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic nervous system
500
A patient admitted with hypertensive emergency begins to demonstrate confusion and vomiting. What 'worst possible complication' should the nurse be concerned about?
Hypertensive encephalopathy; cerebral edema
500
Which class of antihypertensive medications should be used with caution in clients that have a known history of asthma, because at higher doses they can cause bronchoconstriction?
Beta blockers
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