Malpractice
What constitutes malpractice in nursing?
Negligence is the central issue in malpractice. It occurs when a professional fails to act as a reasonably prudent professional would have and does not have to be intentional.
What is Nightingale's framework of nursing?
Nursing is separate from medicine. The goal of nursing is to put the patient in the best possible condition in order for nature to act.
What are the nursing process steps?
1) Assessment
2) Diagnosis
3) Planning
4) Implementation
5) Evaluation aka ADPIE
The principle that requires nurses to uphold a professional code of ethics, to practice within the code of ethics, and to remain competent is what?
a. Fidelity/Justice
b. Veracity/Fidelity
c. Autonomy/Beneficience
d. Paternalism and Respect for others
C. Autonomy and beneficience.
The manager in the coronary care unit believes that the most important ethical considerations in performance evaluations are that they include the employee's good qualities and that they give positive direction for professional growth. This belief is an example of:
a. Justice.
b. Fidelity.
c. Beneficence.
d. Nonmaleficence.
ANS: D
Nonmaleficence refers to "doing no harm." For a nurse manager following this principle, performance evaluation should emphasize an employee's good qualities and give positive direction for growth. Destroying the employee's self-esteem and self-worth would be considered doing harm under this principle.
What are the two ways that malpractice occur?
Commission - the act of doing something that should not have been done or
Omission - failing to do things that should have been done.
What is Abdellah's method/framework?
Twenty-One Nursing Problems theory of nursing, "Nursing is based on an art and science that molds the attitudes, intellectual competencies, and technical skills of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to help
How should a nursing diagnosis be written?
1. Label- Concise term or phrase that names the diagnosis.
2. Definition- Term or phrase that clearly delineates meaning and helps differentiate from similar diagnosis.
3. Related factors- Factors that precede, are associated with, or relate to the diagnosis.
4. Defining characteristics- Subjective and objective factors.
5. Desired outcomes/evaluation criteria- What the patient and you set as goals and how you will measure progress toward that goal.
6. Actions/interventions- What the patient and you will do to reach the goals for care.
The principle that requires nurses to uphold a professional code of ethics, to practice within the code of ethics, and to remain competent is which of the following?
a. Veracity
b. Autonomy
c. Fidelity
d. Honesty
ANS: C
Fidelity refers to promise keeping or upholding one's promise to practice as a reasonable and prudent nurse would do and in an ethically competent manner.
What is nursing prevention
Illness prevention services address health problems after risk factors are identified.
Note: Health promotion services seek to prevent development of risk factors.
What type of cases are malpractice suits?
Civil cases
What is Kohlberg's framework? How many steps does he have?
Suggests that moral development occurs in a series of six stages. The theory also suggests that moral logic is primarily focused on seeking and maintaining justice.
Six steps:
Stage 1 (Pre-Conventional)
Stage 2 (Conventional)
Stage 3 (Post-Conventional)
Stage 4 (Individual moral choices based on a larger notion of what is desired by society)
Stage 5 and Stage 6 involves more independent modes of thinking than previous stages.
What is PES?
P= Problem (NANDA-1 diagnostic label) E= Etiology (causal factors) S= Signs and Symptoms (defining characteristics).
What statement best supports nursing as a profession?
a. Code of Ethics
b. Collective bargaining
c. College Education
d. Multiple Entries to Practice
A. code of ethics
What are the characteristics of patient-centered care models?
Patient- centered care has been proposed as an approach to alleviating some problems that currently trouble the US healthcare system, such as poor care quality, limited access to care and dehumanization of care.
How can one protect themselves from being sued?
Informed Consent
1.Consent must be given voluntarily.
2. Consent must be given by an individual with the capacity and competence to understand.
3. The patient must be given enough information so that the locus of the decisions lies with the patient and not the provider.
How did Gilligan's Theory come about?
Gilligan was concerned that Kohlberg did not represent women in his study as his study focused on men and boys.
How should an outcome be written?
· Specific
· Measurable
· Attainable/Action oriented
· Relevant/Realistic
· Timeframe
During a disaster, the sick and the injured were classified by severity of condition and treatment priority. The decisions are most likely applications of
1. deontology.
2. principalism.
3. utilitarianism.
4. virtue ethics.
3. utilitarianism
What can you designate to an LPN? To a CNA?
LPN can administer IV fluids and medication under supervision of RN.
An RN can assign a CNA to take vital signs. The CAN cannot, however, reassign this responsibility to another person.
Who's Hierarchy of needs do we use to determine which nursing diagnosis is a process?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
From most to least important are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization.
What is the ethical decision making process?
1. Clarify the ethical dilemma
2. Gather additional data
3. Identify options
4. Make a decision
5. Act
6. Evaluate
Before Florence Nightingale, men provided most of the nursing care.
True
False
True