Neural Tube Defects
Condition where a section of the spinal cord and associated nerves are exposed and visible on the outside of the body in a sac that causes partial or complete paralysis before the opening
What is myelomeningocele?
Condition that is associated with Down syndrome, chromosomal abnormalities, maternal substance abuse, maternal CMV, Zika virus, rubella, or chicken pox exposure
What is microcephaly?
A positive gram stain from a CSF culture retrieved from a lumbar puncture is indicative of this disease process.
What is meningitis?
This segment of bone is responsible for lengthening during childhood
What is the physis?
This condition is characterized by limited hip abduction and asymmetrical thigh skinfolds.
What is hip dysplasia?
This condition occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin production from the pancreas.
What is type II diabetes mellitus?
This condition was formerly known as dwarfism or pituitary dwarfism and is characterized by short stature with normal body proportions
What is growth hormone deficiency?
All females of child-bearing age should take this supplement to prevent neural tube defects.
What is folic acid?
Occurs when CSF collects in an abnormal pattern in the brain, which can cause enlargement of the ventricles
What is hydrocephalus?
This condition has no cure. Treatment is aimed at early intervention and aggressive institution of physical, occupational, speech, and educational therapies.
What is cerebral palsy?
This type of fracture is where the bone bends but does not break
What is a torus (buckle) fracture?
This treatment is characterized by the patient's buttocks lifted slightly off the bed with hips at 90-degree angle
What is Bryant's traction?
This condition is characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, enuresis, constipation, fever, dehydration, hypernatremia, getting up to drink water during the night,
What is diabetes insipidus?
This occurs in the presence of excessive ADH production
What is Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?
The nurse should place the child _____ with hips flexed when admitting a child with spina bifida.
What is prone?
Condition where the eyes appear driven downward, the sclera may be seen between the upper eyelid and the iris, and part of the lower pupil may be covered by the lower eyelid that is associated with hydrocephalus
What is sunset eyes or sun-setting eyes?
Alterations in pupillary response, posturing, bradycardia, decreased motor response, decreased response to painful stimuli, Cheyne-Stokes respirations, optic disc swelling, decreased consciousness, and coma are all signs of this condition.
What is severe head injury?
An infant or toddler with a spiral fracture would prompt the RN to assess for this concern.
What is abuse?
This is an abduction brace used to treat hip dysplasia.
What is a Pavlik harness?
This condition is characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, unintentional weight loss, and high blood and urine glucose levels
What is Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
This condition is characterized by excessive androgen production
What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
A condition where a section of the spinal vertebrae is malformed, but cord and nerves are normal. The baby may have sacral dimples, a tuft of hair, or a hemangioma.
What is spina bifida occulta?
This is the position you will put the patient in after VP shunt surgery.
What is supine with the head of bed slightly elevated and body midline?
This is a degenerative disorder of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord that results in weakness and wasting of voluntary muscles
What is spinal muscular atrophy?
This medication is used for muscle spams while in traction
What is IV lorazepam?
What is septic arthritis and/or osteomyelitis?
Diabetes insipidus is insufficient production of this hormone
What is ADH?
Precautions that should be implemented on patients with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH).
What are seizure precautions?
This defect is characterized by dizziness, weakness, numbness, vision problems, headaches, balance and coordination problems
What is Chiari Malformation?
This condition is characterized by a rapid onset of vomiting, severe headache, irritability, lethargy, fatigue, and a high-pitched cry
What is increased ICP?
or
What is hydrocephalus?
This condition is a result of damage to the brain before, during, or after the child is born and affects their motor development.
What is cerebral palsy
RN tasks such as maintaining the body in correct alignment, assessing pulses frequently, monitoring skin integrity, and monitoring weights are hanging freely and not touching bed frame or floor are associated with this treatment
What is traction?
This condition has a characteristic rib hump on the forward bend test, asymmetrical shoulder height, asymmetrical pelvis, and decreased ROM of the upper trunk
What is scoliosis?
What is DDAVP or vasopressin?
This class of medication a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia will need to take for life.
What are corticosteroids?
With myelomeningocele, this action ensures the sac does not rupture causing infection or damage to the meninges
What is cover defect with saline-soaked sterile gauze?
This is characterized by rhythmic jerking of the extremities with muscle rigidity and loss of consciousness and incontinence
What is a tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal)?
This disease process should be suspected in acutely ill infants and children with fever and lethargy until proven otherwise
What is meningitis?
This congenital defect is treated initially with serial casting
What is clubfoot?
Patients with this condition may have “blue sclera”, dental abnormalities, skull deformities, heart defects, and hearing loss
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
This is given to those with extremely low blood sugar who are not fully conscious.
What is IM glucagon?
Complication of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.
What is Adrenal Crisis?
This larger downward herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum to the spinal column frequently accompanies myelomeningocele.
What is Chiari Malformation Type II?
or
What is Arnold-Chiari Malformation?
These types of medications may be used to reduce the seizure frequency and severity.
What are anti-epileptics?
This disorder is characterized by awakening in the first 1/3 of the night, screaming in fear and disoriented and is more common in boys 5-7 yrs
What are night terrors?
A non-displaced greenstick fracture will need this type of cast.
What is a short-arm cast?
Interventions for this condition include preserving function with PT and ROM exercises, splints, arthroplasty, and low-impact exercises.
What is juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
This type of insulin is used in insulin pumps.
What is regular insulin?
This specific medication is used for "stress dosing" for patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
What is hydrocortisone?