Hypersensitivity disorders
The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) (IgE antibody test) for hypersensitivity type
I
HIV Targeted blood cells
•CD4+ T-cell (Helper T cells) Cell medicated and Humoral Mediated (T and B cells)
Cancer Screening recommendations
Mammogram: Annually for female clients 45 to 54 years. At 55 years, clients can transition to every two years.
Colonoscopy:
- At age 50 and then every 10 years
-Guaiac-based fecal occult blood test or fecal immunochemical test annually;
- stool DNA test every 3 years.
Cervical Cancer:
- Pap test: Clients age 21 to 29, every 3 years.
-Clients age 30 to 65, every 5 years with an HPV DNA test, every 3 years with Pap test alone
Nursing Consideration for "Skin testing for allergens"
§Prepare the skin using soap and water.
§Use alcohol to remove any oil.
§Have emergency equipment available to treat anaphylaxis
Recommend an antihistamine or topical corticosteroid if skin itches after testing.
AIDS DIAGNOSIS
•CD4 levels Less than 200
•Multiple opportunistic infections:
•Resp
•Pneumocystic pneumonia (PCP)
•TB
•GI
•Candidiasis (thrush)
•Skin
•Gynecologic
•Immunologic
Warning Signs of Cancer
•C- changes in bowel or bladder habits
•A- a sore throat that doesn’t heal
•U- unusual bleeding or discharge
•T- thickening of lump in breast
•I- Indigestion or difficultly swallowing
•O- Obvious changes in wart or mole
•N- Nagging cough or hoarseness
ANAPHYLAXIS
Hypersenstivty Type I
definitive diagnosis of cancer
Biopsy: Provides definitive diagnosis indicating the site of origin (specific cell type) and cell characteristics (specific receptors on cell surface). Can be obtained during other procedures (endoscopy, laparoscopy, thoracotomy).
•IgG and IgM involved in hypersensitivity type
II
•Erythroblastosis fetalis
•Myasthenia gravis
•Goodpasture syndrome
Nursing Interventions for Chemo
•Hematologic
•Anemia
•Thrombocytopenia
•Neutropenic
•Pancytopenia
•Gastrointestinal
•Skin/Mucosal
•Antigen-antibody complex that is deposited in the tissue and activates complement and attacking neutrophils
Type III
SLE
Glomerulonephritis
RA
Rheumatic fever
Nursing Interventions for Internal Radiation Therapy
•Place the client in a private room. Keep the door closed as much as possible.
•Place a sign on the door warning of the radiation source.
•Wear a dosimeter film badge that records personal amount of radiation exposure.
•Limit visitors to 30‑min visits, and have visitors maintain a distance of 6 feet from the source.
•Individuals who are pregnant, trying to conceive, or under the age of 16 years should not enter the client’s room.
•Wear a lead apron while providing care, keeping the front of the apron facing the source of radiation.
•Keep a lead container in the client’s room if the delivery method could allow spontaneous loss of radioactive material
•Follow protocol for proper removal of dressings and bed linens from the room.
SLE Clinical Manifestation:
Fatigue/malaise
Blurred vision
Anorexia/weight loss
Depression
Joint pain, swelling, tenderness
Fever (also a major indication of exacerbation)
Anemia
Lymphadenopathy
Pericarditis (presence of a cardiac friction rub or pleural friction rub)
Raynaud’s phenomenon (arteriolar vasospasm in response to cold/stress)
Erythematous “butterfly” rash on the nose and cheeks (raised, dry, scaly)
SLE Management
NSAIDs
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressant agents
•Mediated by T-cells
Type IV Hypersensitivity
•Type I diabetes, Positive TB reaction
•Contact dermatitis as in nickel allergy and poison ivy.
•delayed Graft rejection