evidence-based practice
Define evidence-based practice in nursing
Using the best current research evidence, combined with clinical expertise and patient preferences, to guide care decisions
Define “health” according to the World Health Organization (WHO)
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease
What does SBAR (or ISBARR) stand for in nurse–provider communication?
Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (+ Introduction & Read-back if ISBARR)
What are the five steps of the nursing process (in order)?
Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
Who is considered the founder of modern nursing?
Florence Nightingale.
What does PICOT stand for?
Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time.
Give an example of primary prevention
Immunizations, health education, seatbelt use, exercise promotion, etc.
Define “interprofessional collaboration."
Multiple health professionals from different fields working together with patients, families, and communities to deliver the highest quality care.
A nurse collects vital signs and documents the patient’s pain level. Which step of the nursing process is this?
Assessment.
What are the four primary roles of today’s professional nurse?
Care provider, advocate, educator, leader/manager (sometimes also researcher or collaborator).
Give one key difference between quantitative and qualitative research
Quantitative = numerical data, measurable outcomes; Qualitative = descriptive data, explores experiences/meanings.
A nurse teaches a client with hypertension about a low-sodium diet. Which level of prevention is this?
Secondary prevention (managing early disease, preventing progression)
A nurse sits with a patient, maintains eye contact, and nods while listening. What communication skill is this?
Active listening
Write a correct nursing diagnosis format.
Problem → Related to (etiology) → As evidenced by (signs/symptoms)
During which war did Florence Nightingale gain recognition for her work improving sanitation and reducing mortality?
The Crimean War.
Name one way nursing research influences nursing practice
Improves quality of care, establishes standards of practice, promotes cost-effective interventions, or validates nursing as a profession
Differentiate between illness and disease
Illness = the person’s subjective experience of feeling unwell; Disease = objective pathophysiological process that can be diagnosed.
Name one barrier that can interfere with effective interprofessional communication.
Hierarchy, lack of respect, role confusion, time constraints, or differing communication styles.
A nurse sets the goal: “The patient will ambulate 50 feet with a walker by the end of the shift.” Which part of the nursing process is this?
Planning (goal-setting).
What is the difference between a nurse’s role as an advocate and as an educator?
Advocate = protecting patient rights, ensuring autonomy and safety; Educator = providing knowledge to support informed decisions and health promotion.
A nurse is evaluating an article before applying its findings. List two criteria she should assess.
Validity (is it credible?), reliability (consistent results), sample size, relevance to population, or strength of evidence
A patient is attending cardiac rehabilitation after a myocardial infarction (MI). Which level of prevention is this?
Tertiary prevention (preventing complications, optimizing quality of life)
According to the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) competencies, list two core areas for effective interprofessional teamwork
Values/Ethics, Roles/Responsibilities, Interprofessional Communication, Teams/Teamwork
During morning care, a nurse notices the patient’s wound is not improving. She updates the care plan. Which step of the nursing process is this?
Evaluation (modifying the plan based on outcomes).
Name one major contribution of early nursing leaders (other than Nightingale) such as Clara Barton, Mary Mahoney, or Dorothea Dix.
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross; Mary Mahoney was the first professionally trained African American nurse; Dorothea Dix advocated for mental health reform and organized nurses during the Civil War.