Infants
Understanding that objects and people exist when they are not seen or heard.
What is object permanence?
Toddlers are in this Erikson stage that focuses on independence.
What is autonomy vs. shame and doubt?
Providing simple models or dolls helps with teaching by addressing their fear of this.
What is bodily harm?
The Erikson stage of school-age children focuses on mastery and competence.
What is industry vs. inferiority?
For females, growth ceases approximately 2 to 2.5 years after this.
What is menarche?
This vitamin should be given to infants who are exclusively breastfed.
What is vitamin D?
Head circumferences should be assessed until this age assuming there are no neurological concerns.
What is 2 years old?
They can usually speak in sentences with about this many words.
What is 4–5 words?
They engage in this type of play involving rules and competition.
What is cooperative play?
This is influenced by the developing adolescent brain and the quest for autonomy.
What is risk-taking behavior?
By this age, an infant is able to grasp things using all the fingers and the thumb (scissors grasp).
What is 8 months?
This common behavior describes a child returning to an earlier stage during stress.
What is regression?
The process of using existing knowledge to deal with a new object or situation.
What is assimilation?
School-age children prefer this type of reward system.
What are tangible rewards (stickers, tokens)?
Time during adolescence when the body undergoes significant physical changes as it transitions from childhood to adulthood.
What is puberty?
The fear and anxiety an infant feels when they are separated from familiar caregivers and places.
What is separation anxiety?
Their belief that everything revolves around them is known as this.
What is egocentrism?
Their play is described as this — pretending, make-believe, role-play.
What is imaginative play?
School-age children may fear this more than pain during procedures.
What is loss of control?
Typical manifestations of this condition include breast tenderness, a bloated feeling, and appetite changes.
What is PMS?
Infants triple their birth weight by this age.
What is 1 year?
It is recommended that these screenings should occur routinely with all children at 9 months, 18 months, and 30 months.
What are developmental and behavioral screenings?
Preschoolers often think their thoughts can cause events, known as this.
What is magical thinking?
The loss of deciduous (sometimes called baby) teeth and the eruption of permanent teeth begins at this age.
What is 6 years old?
A relatively common disorder during puberty that causes swelling of the breast tissue in males.
What is gynecomastia?