Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
What symptoms do we see with Hypocalcemia
Tetany (tingling/cramps- especially in the lips, fingertips, and toes).
A Pt. tells you their name and why they came in today, but they do not know where they are and thinks the year is 1976. What is their A&O status?
A&O x2- oriented to person and situation, but not place and time.
What is usually done to alleviate autonomic hyperreflexia
Most common cause is distended bowel or bladder- so usually we use a straight catheter to alleviate the issue.
Is urine output high or low with SIADH?
LOW- ADH causes the body to hold on to water.
What is the main role of sodium?
Fluid balance
What does PERRLA stand for?
Pupils equal round reactive to light and accommodating.
What are the three phases of seizures
Pre ictal (Before the surgery)
Ictal (during surgery)
Post ictal (after surgery) They are VERYYYY tired
Hyponatremia leads to the risk for what in SIADH?
Cerebral edema, confusion, lethargy, seizures
Which saline is closest to our blood?
0.9% Normal saline
What does decorticate vs. decerebrate positioning look like?
What is a Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
ischemia to brain causes stroke-like symptoms, but no damage is shown on the CT scan.
This can be a pre-cursor to an actual stroke
Are Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus the same? Why are they both called diabetes
They both have the c/m of diuresis.
Should we give potassium IVP (IV push)? What happens if we do??
The patient's heart will stop and we will be going to JAIL!!!!
What description is used to describe complete unawareness & complete loss of function. Pt. opens eyes reflexively. Sleep- wake cycle present.
Vegetative State
True or False: Myasthenia crisis is life threatning
TRUE!!! Breathing muscles become so weak that the Pt. can no longer breathe on their own
How do we treat Addison's disease??
Lifetime tx. of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Is there more sodium chloride contained in the intracellular fluid or the extracellular fluid?
Extracellular
What medication is riluzole used to treat?
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
Delirium vs. Dementia?
Delirium- Acute/rapid onset. Inability to focus or sustain attention. Orientation impaired. They may be agitated, incoherent, or having hallucinations
Dementia- Gradual, insidious onset. Intact early, impaired late.
Describe the function of insulin and its relationship to glucose. What happens when it is unable to do its job?
Insulin allows glucose to be transported into the cell. When it is not working/ or not present then glucose remains in the blood stream.