Hematology
What gene mutation is seen with polycythemia vera? How is it treated
JAK2 gene mutation
Tx. w/ phlebotomy, aspirin, and myelosupressive drugs
True or False: Superior vena cava syndrome is an oncologic emergency
True- SVC syndrome is typically caused by a tumor obstructing the SVC.
What test is used to diagnose heart failure
BNP and echocardiogram
Echocardiogram is also used to treat valvular heart disease
Women have the same heart attack symptoms that men do.
True or false: asthma involves the reversible obstruction of the airways
True
Eosinophils increase with which types of infection?
Parasitic/allergies
What type of embolism is caused by a break/fracture of a long bone?
Fat embolism
What test is used to diagnose DVT?
D-dimer: detects presence of a clot.
Doppler ultrasound
Is the Pt. with a BP of 170/90 in hypertensive crisis?
No- must have a BP of 180/120 with symptoms.
Symptoms can include heart attack symptoms OR stroke symptoms (unilateral facial drooping, arm weakness, slurred speech, etc.).
When do we see clubbing
CHRONIC hypoxia, NOT acute!!!!!
Which type of anemia is associated with blood loss
Normocytic
Triggered by cold temperatures and stress
Raynauds Phenomenon
What are 3 long-term complications of hypertension?
Stroke, aneurysm, heart failure, renal disease, coronary artery disease, and retinal changes.
What are the risk factors for heart failure?
Age, obesity, heart disease, HTN, DM, renal failure, medications, substance use/abuse (alcohol, cocaine, meth)
Fracture of several consecutive ribs can lead to....
Flail chest
Which condition involves increased M protein, lytic bone lesions, and free immunoglobulin light chain
Multiple myeloma
This disease is....
AUTOIMMUNE
strongly associated with smoking
Thrombi with inflammatory and immune cells
Peripheral arterial occlusion (mostly the feet)
Thromboangiitis Obliterans AKA Buerger disease
What is another name for R-sided heart failure
Cor pulmonale
What is the most common cause of MODS?
Sepsis/septic shock
What is the most common cause of COPD? What is a less common cause
Most common- smoking
Less common- Alpha 1 antitrypsin gene mutation
Does FDP/FSP increase with TTP
No!!!!
FDP/FSP ONLY increase with DIC
Without using your notes, describe stable angina, unstable angina, silent ischemia, intermittent claudication, and prinzmetal angina.
Stable angina- chest pain relieved with rest/nitro
Unstable angina- Chest pain that is NOT relieved with rest and nitro.
Silent ischemia- Pt. experiencing low blood flow, but does not perceive pain due to neuropathy
Intermittent claudication- leg pain with activity but is relieved with rest (similar to stable angina, but in the legs)
Orthostatic hypotension is diagnosed by a drop of ____ SBP and a drop of ____ DBP.
drop of 20 in SBP
drop of 10 in DBP
Ex. Pt. normal BP is 120/80, but when they stand up there BP is 100/70
What interventions are used to prevent DVT in the clinical setting?
Anticoagulants, SCD, ambulation
Latent vs. Active TB infection
Latent: Pt. is infected with TB bacteria, but not showing any symptoms/does not infect other people
Active: Pt. showing symptoms and infecting others