Theoretical Foundation
Addresses nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict the consequences. Used to anticipate the outcomes of nursing interventions.
What is a Prescriptive Theory (Potter et al., 2023, p. 48).
P = Patient population of interest
I = Intervention or area of interest
C = Comparison intervention or area of interest
O = Outcome
T = Time
What does each letter in PICOT represent (Potter et al., 2023, p. 59).
Restoration and Rehabilitation. An example is helping people with disabilities find employment.
What is TERTIARY PREVENTION (Potter et al., 2023, p. 80).
This nursing theorist stated that caring is very personal; thus its expression differs for each patient; caring must be culturally specific.
Who is Madeleine Leininger? (Transcultural view of caring) (Potter et al., 2023, p. 90).
Defined by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) as the observed outcome of critical thinking and decision making (NCSBN, 2019).
What is a clinical judgement (Potter et al., 2023, p. 210).
The first level of theory development. Describes phenomena and identifies circumstances in which the phenomena occur.
What is a Descriptive Theory (Potter et al., 2023, p. 48).
Explains how the data collected in a study are analyzed.
What is the ANALYSIS section of an evidence-based article (Potter et al., 2023, p. 61).
Examples of this include attention to personal hygiene, providing immunizations, and protection from occupational hazards.
What is PRIMARY PREVENTION (Potter et al., 2023, p. 80).
Involves obvious skin-to-skin contact and is task-oriented, caring, or protective.
What is touch (Potter et al., p. 94).
Assessment. Diagnosis. Planning. Implementation. Evaluation.
What are the five steps in the NURSING PROCESS (Potter et. al, 2023, p. 211) *Note: The steps must be listed in this order
This category of theory explains causes of disease; principles related to physiology.
What is the BIOMEDICAL category of theory (Potter et al., 2023, p. 49).
Explains how a research study was organized and conducted to answer the research question or test the hypothesis (a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested).
What is the METHODS or DESIGN section of an evidence based article (Potter et al., 2023, p. 61).
Making small changes in preparation for a change in the next month.
What is the PREPARATION STAGE in the TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL of CHANGE (Potter et al., 2023, p. 82).
A form of touch that protects a nurse and/or patient. Can be physical or emotional.
What is protective touch (Potter et al., 2023, p. 94).
Looking for different approaches if interventions are not working for a patient.
What is an example of CREATIVITY in nursing practice (Potter et al., 2023, p. 218).
This theory category promotes organization, change, power/empowerment, motivation, conflict management, and decision making.
What is the LEADERSHIP/MANAGEMENT theory category (Potter et al., 2023, p. 49).
Nonexperimental study that explores the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher.
What is CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH (Potter et al., 2023, p. 64).
Sustained change over time; begins 6 months after action has started and continues indefinitely.
What is the MAINTENANCE STAGE in the TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL of CHANGE (Potter et al., 2023, p. 82).
Best demonstrated when a nurse works with a patient over time to understand the meaning of an event, such as an illness or loss of function or loss of a loved one.
What is KNOWING THE PATIENT (Potter et al., 2023, p. 95).
Moves from reviewing specific data elements to making an inference by forming a conclusion about the related pieces of evidence.
What is INDUCTIVE reasoning (Potter et al., 2023, p. 214).
When applying this grand theory, a nurse continually assesses a patient’s ability to perform self-care and intervenes as needed to ensure that patients meet physical, psychological, sociological, and developmental needs.
What is Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (Potter et al., 2023, p. 49).
A form of quantitative research. Study that tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working.
What is EVALUATION RESEARCH(Potter et al., 2023, p. 64).
The impact that an illness may have on a patient's BODY IMAGE.
With a profound change in body image, such as after a leg amputation or mastectomy, the patient generally adjusts by experiencing phases of the grief process Potter et al., 2023, p. 84).
This takes into consideration the context of the patient’s illness and the stress it imposes on all members.
What is CARING FOR THE FAMILY (Potter et al., 2023, p. 97).
Moves from the general to the specific.
What is DEDUCTIVE reasoning (Potter et al., 2023, p. 214).