Nursing Today + History of Nursing (Ch. 1 & 2)
Professionalism + Socialization
(Ch. 3 & 5)
(Ch. 3 & 5)
Nursing Education (Ch. 4)
Research + Evidence-Based Practice (Ch. 10)
Critical Thinking + Nursing Process
(Ch. 11)
(Ch. 11)
100
True or False: A Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) provides anesthesia care before, during, and after surgery, working independently or collaboratively with anesthesiologists.
False.
This is the role of a CRNA.
100
True or False: A nurse who takes ownership of all their nursing actions and their consequences, good or bad, is demonstrating autonomy.
False. This demonstrates accountability.
100
True or False: All nurses must maintain certification in order to practice legally.
False. All nurses must maintain LICENSURE to practice legally.
100
True or False: A researcher starts with the theory that hand hygiene reduces infections and then tests this theory by observing infection rates in different hospital units. This is an example of deductive reasoning.
True. Deductive Reasoning: moves from General premises → Specific conclusions
“I have a rule → I test it”
100
True or False: In a nursing diagnosis, the “related to (r/t)” phrase identifies the assessment data that supports the chosen diagnosis.
False. The r/t phrase identifies the etiology or cause, not the supporting assessment data. The assessment data go in the "as evidenced by" part.
200
Providing care for patients at the end of life, focusing on comfort, dignity, and quality of remaining life, and discontinuing curative treatments are all functions of ____________.
Hospice nursing.
200
The process by which a nursing student or new nurse learns the values, norms, skills, and behaviors of the nursing profession and begins to adopt a professional identity is called __________.
professional socialization.
200
Nursing programs voluntarily seek ____________ from national organizations such as CCNE or ACEN. This process validates that the program meets rigorous educational standards for quality education beyond minimum state requirements.
Accreditation
200
Research that uses numerical data and statistical analysis to examine relationships is called ____________.
Quantitative Research.
200
A ____________ diagnosis identifies a patient’s responses to health problems, while a ____________ diagnosis identifies the underlying disease or medical condition.
Nursing, Medical.
300
Match each figure in Column A with the corresponding Major Accomplishment in Column B:
Answer Key:
1 → D
2 → C
3 → A
4 → B
300
Match the Stage of Cohen's Socialization Model with the correct description.
1. Dependence/Mutuality → C
2. Interdependence → A
3. Unilateral Dependence → D
4. Negativity/Independence → B
300
Answer Key:
1 → C
2 → A
3 → B
300
Match each letter of a PICOT research question with the example that best represents it.
Answer Key:
C
- E
- B
- D
- A
300
Match each Nursing Process Step in Column A with the corresponding Description in Column B:
Answer Key:
1 → C
2 → E
3 → A
4 → B
5 → D
400
List 2 common themes that exist across all definitions of nursing.
•Holistic approach to human health and illness
•Focus on health promotion and disease prevention
•Emphasis on patient independence and self-care
•Recognition of nursing as both art and science
•Caring relationship as foundation
•Professional autonomy and clinical judgment
400
List at least 2 barriers that nursing faces in achieving full professional status.
#1 is Educational Variability
Others include: field is predominantly female (Societal devaluation of women's work), historical influences (altrusim is exploited by consumers), External Conflicts (tensions with medicine, scope of practice battles in state legislatures), internal conflicts (tension between various educational backgrounds - ADN vs. BSN vs. Diplomas), Nursing Image (nurses are viewed as Doctors Helpers, often sexualized/feminized).
400
What is the difference between professional development (PD) and continuing education (CE)?
CE = minimum standard to maintain licensure, ensuring nurses stay competent.
PD = goes beyond CE requirements - is voluntary (but highly encouraged) & includes specialty certifications, attending conferences, joining professional organizations, research participation, advanced degrees, etc.
400
List the three types of scientific research and provide a brief description of each.
Types of Science
Bench Science (AKA Pure Research): explains universe regardless of if the information is immediately useful.
Clinical Science (AKA Applied Research): Designed to be directly applied at patient bedside for treatment/prevention
Translational Research: Bridges "bench to bedside" - connects lab findings to real world patient treatments
400
Describe 2 critical thinking characteristics that distinguish a novice nurse from an expert nurse when faced with the same clinical situation.
Novice nurses:
•Organize knowledge as separate facts
•Lack knowledge from actually “doing”
•Focus more on performing procedures step-by-step than on patient response to procedure
•Follow rigid rules
•Hindered by anxiety & lack of self confidence
Expert Nurses:
•Highly organized, structured knowledge storage
•Have large storehouse of experiential knowledge
•Assess multiple options before acting
•Flexible with rules when appropriate
•Use “Reflective Thinking” – Examining thought processes after interactions
500
Identify 2 specific issues or trends revealed by nursing workforce data and explain why each is significant for the future of healthcare delivery.
(according to National Nursing Workforce Surveys)
1. Concern: Aging workforce (~40% of nurses are 55 or older) - massive incoming retirement wave.
Significance: will worsen nursing shortage, threatens healthcare capacity when aging population needs MORE nurses, not less. Massive loss of knowledge/experience.
2. Concern: Lack of Young nurses entering nursing. (less than 8% of nurses are under age 30)
Significance: pipeline of new nurses not keeping pace with retirements. Will worsen shortage.
3. Concern: racial/ethnic diversity gap. only ~23% of nurses are racial/ethnic minorities, while ~42% of US population are racial/ethnic minorities.
Significance: limits culturally competent care. Research shows diverse healthcare teams improve patient outcomes. Patients benefit from providers who understand their cultural context.
4. Concern: gender imbalance (nursing is 89% female)
Significance: Perpetuates "women's work" stereotype → lower pay/professional status. Limits diverse perspectives in clinical decision-making. May deter male candidates from entering nursing
5. Educational variability: multiple entry pathways exist for nursing; there is not one standard educational requirement.
Significance: Research shows 10% increase in BSN nurses = 7% reduction in mortality. Inconsistent preparation affects patient safety outcomes. Hampers full professional recognition/autonomy
6. Concern: High Intent to Leave Nursing (40% plan to leave nursing within 5 years)
Significance: worsens nursing shortage. Loss of institutional knowledge/expertise. Training new nurses is costly for healthcare systems.
500
Identify 3 key characteristics that distinguish a profession from an occupation.
Professions are: both intellectual & physical, based on a learnable body of knowledge, set of ethics/morals to uphold, set of specialized skills, taught in highly specialized professional education, well developed group consciousness/shared purpose and values, belief in self-regulation, sense of AUTONOMY & accountability, motivated by altruism/public service/"service orientation".
Occupation: training may occur on the job; work is largely physical/manual and less intellectual/theoretical. Values, believes, morals not prominent features of preparation. People often change jobs. Accountability rests primarily with the employer.
**See Slides 38 & 39.
500
What are the 3 different educational routes one can take to become an RN? Describe each.
Diploma program = ~2-3yrs. Earliest form of nursing education, in hospitals not higher education, receive diploma not degree. Eligible for NCLEX-RN and RN licensure.
ADN = ~2yr programs often in community colleges. Focus on clinical competency. Eligible for NCLEX-RN and RN licensure.
BSN = ~4yr programs, typically in universities/colleges. Curriculum focuses on clinical competency AND leadership/management, research, population health, critical thinking, etc. This is becoming the PREFERRED degree to enter the nursing practice. Per Aiken's study - BSN prepared nurses are linked with better patient outcomes (reduced mortality).
500
Define Evidence-Based Practice in your own words.
List the 3 Components.
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP): “an approach to the delivery of health care that integrates the best evidence from research studies and patient care data with clinician expertise and patient preferences and values.” (Black, pg. 231)
Components of EBP:
1.Best research evidence: Peer-reviewed studies and systematic reviews
2.Clinician expertise: Professional knowledge and clinical experience
3.Patient preferences/values: Individual patient needs and choices
500
Define Critical Thinking in your own words.
List 2 characteristics or actions of a critical thinker (Paul-Elder Framework)
Definition: careful, purposeful thinking. Asking questions. Making decisions based on evidence, logic and nursing knowledge.
According to the Paul-Elder Framework (2015), a critical thinker does the following:
1. Raises questions and problems clearly defines them
2. Gathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas for interpretation
3. Draws well-reasoned conclusions & tests them
4. Stays open minded & considers alternatives
5. Communicates effectively when solving problems