Infant
Name 3 observable signs of respiratory distress in an infant
Grunting, Nasal flaring, Head bobbing, Retractions, Use of accessory muscles, Audible wheeze
The Eustachian tube is ___ and ___ compared to an adult
Shorter and straighter
Kohlberg stage of moral development
Preconventional
Piaget stage of cognitive development
Concrete operational
What is the difference in the expected outcome of fractures between children/youth and adults?
Heal more rapidly & result in less disability/deformity than adults
Trust vs. Mistrust
Physiologic milestone that allows for bowel/bladder control
Myelination of the spinal cord
Define status epilepticus
Prolonged or clustered seizures where consciousness does not return between seizures
Alveoli reach adult number by what age?
7
Leading cause of death in adolescents
MVAs
True or False: A positive Babinski reflex would be atypical in a a 3 year old child.
True. The Babinski reflex should disappear by 12 months. A positive Babinski reflex is a sign of neurological impairment if seen later in life.
50%
By what age would we expect that a child might be able to pedal a tricycle?
3 years
Name 3 symptoms of DKA
anorexia, N&V, lethargy, stupor, altered LOC, decreased skin turgor, abd pain, Kussmaul respirations, fruity breath odour, ketones in urine & blood, tachycardia
Name 3 risk factors for suicide
Mental illness, trauma,Poor school performance,Family disorganization,Substance abuse,Sexuality, variation, gender dysphoria, social acceptance, & stigma,Having no close friends,Giving away possessions,Changes in behaviour,Incarceration
Readiness for eating solid foods is demonstrated by what?
Absence of the tongue extrusion reflex
Misalignment of the eyes (turned inward or outward)
Strabismus
What is the difference between neurodiverse and neurodivergent?
Neurodiverse - the expected variability of human neurology
Neurodivergent - neurological functioning falls outside of “societal norms”
Lab test that tests long term glycemic control
Hemogolobin A1C
Puberty and sexual development in adolescents is classified by which system?
Tanner Staging
VCUG is an abbreviation for which radiologic test?
Voiding Cystourethrogram
Name 3 potential causes of vomiting in children
Gastroenteritis, food poisoning/ intolerance, toxic ingestion, PUD, H. pylori, giardia, constipation, UTI, appendicitis, hepatis, increased ICP
Name 3 common conditions that cause rashes in childhood.
Infectious
Chickenpox, Erythema Infectiosum (slapped cheek), Roseola Infantu, Measles, Rubella, Molluscum Contagiosum, Herpes Simplex (HSV), Impetigo, Cellulitis, Scarlet fever, Lyme disease, Candida, Scabies
Drug reactions
Non-Infectious
Atopic dermatitis, Contact dermatitis, Diaper dermatitis, Acne, Insect bite/sting reaction, Miliaria rubra
3 atopic disorders of childhood
Allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis
Neurodevelopment continues until which age?