Hematology
What organ produces red and white blood cells, as well as platelets?
What is the bone marrow?
What are the two main types of pancreatitis?
Acute and Chronic pancreatitis.
What does a 'Code Blue' signify?
A patient in full cardiac arrest.
What are the structures of the Renal System
•Kidneys
•Ureter
•Bladder
•Urethra
What hormone is produced by the kidney to stimulate red blood cell formation?
Erythropoietin
What is the function of hemostasis?
To prevent excessive blood loss while maintaining perfusion.
What condition causes blue-gray discoloration around the umbilicus?
Cullen’s sign—indicative of pancreatitis.
What does the ABCDEF tool assess in critical care?
Pain, breathing trials, choice of sedation, delirium, mobility, and family engagement.
What infection causes kidney swelling and urinary obstruction?
Pyelonephritis
What are the three types of acute renal failure?
Prerenal, Intrarenal, and Postrenal.
What is the treatment for Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)?
Corticosteroids, drug therapy, or splenectomy.
What is a major risk factor for developing cirrhosis?
Chronic alcohol use.
In triage, which level represents a resuscitation-level emergency?
Level 1—Resuscitation.
What inherited disorder causes fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys?
Polycystic Kidney Disease.
What is a major nursing consideration for hemodialysis access?
Assess for a thrill and bruit, avoid BP or IV on access arm.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) is characterized by what key issue?
A drop in platelet count and a hypercoagulable state.
What procedure relieves ascites in cirrhosis patients?
Paracentesis
What law ensures emergency care is provided regardless of insurance status?
The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA).
What is the clinical presentation for Polycystic Kidney Disease?
•Flank pain
•Polyuria, Nocturia, Hematuria
•Palpable Kidney Masses
•Hypertension
•Proteinuria
What is peritoneal dialysis?
What should the nurse monitor closely during the first 15–30 minutes of a blood transfusion?
Vital signs—this is when severe reactions occur.
What are the types of Cirrhosis?
What are post necrotic, Laennec's, and Biliary.
Post Necrotic: Caused by viral hepatitis, or some medications or toxins.
Laennec's: Caused by chronic alcohol use disorder.
Biliary: Caused by chronic biliary obstruction or autoimmune disease.
What is the nurse’s priority during a mass casualty event?
Use the triage system to prioritize care based on severity.
What medication helps relax the ureter to allow kidney stones to pass?
Tamsulosin
What can abrupt discontinuation of glucocorticoids cause?
Adrenal Crisis