Cardio & Hemodynamics
These valves are responsible for separating the atria from the ventricles.
What are the AV valves (tricuspid & mitral)
This emergency device delivers an asynchronous shock to treat lethal arrhythmias.
What is defibrillation?
This type of shock results from decreased systemic vascular resistance and includes septic and anaphylactic forms.
This bedside procedure is commonly used to remove fluid from the pleural space.
What is a thoracentesis
This type of AKI results from reduced blood flow to the kidneys and accounts for 60% of cases.
What is prerenal
Chronic calcifying pancreatitis is most often caused by this lifestyle factor.
What is chronic alcohol use
This vital perfusion pressure should remain between 60–70 mm Hg.
What is mean arterial pressure? (MAP)
This pacing method involves temporary skin electrodes and is used in emergent bradycardia.
What is transcutaneous pacing?
A spinal cord injury above T6 can lead to this type of distributive shock.
What is neurogenic shock
A hallmark clinical sign of tension pneumothorax is this displacement:
What is tracheal deviation
A patient with decreased urine output and crackles in the lungs should be assessed for this complication.
What is fluid overload/pulmonary edema
This bedside procedure is used to drain fluid from the abdominal cavity in ascites.
What is a paracentesis
This node initiates electrical impulses at 60–100 beats/min and appears as the P wave on an ECG.
What is the SA Node
This medication is used for pulseless VT/VF after the second defibrillation attempt.
What is amiodarone?
This lab marker indicates a shift to anaerobic metabolism and helps guide shock treatment.
What is lactate
This condition involves severe hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen therapy.
What is ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
What lab test is most commonly used to estimate kidney function?
What is glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
A patient with pancreatitis presents with warm, moist skin and fruity breath. These findings suggest this metabolic issue.
What is hyperglycemia (DKA)
This rhythm is characterized by chaotic atrial activity, absent P waves, and risk of embolism.
What is atrial fibrillation?
This pulseless rhythm has organized electrical activity but no palpable pulse.
What is PEA
This fluid type is often administered rapidly in hypovolemic shock to restore volume.
What are isotonic solutions (NS/LR)
This is the goal oxygen saturation for clients on a ventilator according to planning goals.
What is >95%
Name one common medication that is considered nephrotoxic and should be avoided in AKI.
What is vancomycin, tetracycline, or acetaminophen
This medication is used to excrete excess ammonia through stool in hepatic encephalopathy.
What is lactulose
This triad of signs suggests cardiac tamponade.
What is Becks Triad (hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds)
This medication is given every 3–5 minutes during cardiac arrest to stimulate vasoconstriction and increase perfusion to vital organs.
What is epinephrine?
This surgery grafts vessels to bypass blocked coronary arteries.
What is a CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft)
This invasive therapy is used for prolonged, severe respiratory failure unresponsive to conventional ventilation.
What is ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation)
Which cue might indicate worsening CKD?
What is decreased urinary output, elevated creatinine, or edema
This life-threatening condition involves GI bleeding due to fragile vessels in the esophagus.
What are esophageal varices