Demonstrates the kidney's ability to concentrate solutes in urine. Is a renal concentration test done as part of a urinalysis.
What urine specific gravity?
100
Glomerular filtration rate is < 10% of normal renal function. Progression and symptoms dependent on underlying cause, urinary excretion of proteins, and presence of hypertension.
What is end stage renal disease (ESRD) or uremic syndrome.
100
This is the most common cause of acute renal failure.
What is acute tubular necrosis?
100
Determination and treatment of the cause, maintenance of fluid & electrolyte balance, nutritional management, and pharmacologic management.
What does the management of chronic renal failure involve?
100
Seizure precautions, monitor for stroke, look for loss of motor coordination, monitor for personality changes, watch for fatigue with difficulty in problem solving and loss of attention.
What are precautions and interventions related to neurologic issues associated with renal failure?
200
This urine test takes 24 hours to collect. This test is the best estimate of functioning renal tissue.
What are nursing interventions used in improving renal blood flow in acute renal failure?
200
Nutritional management of chronic renal failure. To prevent complications and to prevent muscle wasting.
What are high biologic value proteins, fluid restrictions, vitamins, and carbohydrates/fat?
200
Pericarditis, hypertension, anemia, osteodystrophy, metastatic and vascular calcification.
What are cardiovascular complications of end stage renal disease?
300
Normal is around 180 liters/day (120 ml/min). Is affected by alterations in blood flow and blood pressure. Normally decreases with each decade of life.
What is glomerular filtration rate?
300
Caused by the inability of the kidneys to excrete hydrogen (H+) and decrease reabsorption of bicarbonate (HCO3) by the kidneys. Commonly occurs with uremic syndrome.
What is metabolic acidosis?
300
Restore normal chemical balance, prevent complications.
What are the 2 main goals of treatment/management of acute renal failure?
What are the options available to manage renal failure?
400
This urine test demonstrates the ability to concentrate urine. This ability is lost early in kidney disease.
What is urine osmolality?
400
The major electrolyte imbalances that occur with uremic syndrome and end stage renal disease.
What are hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia?
400
May cause acute renal failure, may need temporary hemodialysis, breakdown of muscles which causes massive protein loss through urine.
What is rhabdomyelysis?
400
Used to pharmacologically manage and prevent renal osteodystrophy in chronic renal failure patients.
What are aluminum-based antacids or calcium-based phosphate binders and calcitrol (Rocaltrol)?
400
Daily weights, intake and output, protection of any vascular access, monitoring for complications, patient education, and promotion of nutritional and fluid therapies.
What are general guidelines for nursing care of the renal patient?
500
Normal range is 0.4 to 1.4 mg/dL. Renal insufficiency range is 1.4mg/dL up to 2.0 mg/dL (or 2.5 mg/dL, depending on physician). This test is monitored closely as a decrease indicates returning renal function.
What is serum creatinine?
500
Major effects on the hematologic system that occur with uremic syndrome or end stage renal disease.
What are anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia?
500
Controversial benefit in the prophylaxis and treatment of acute renal failure. Augmentation of renal blood flow and diuresis. Low dosage 2.5 mcg/kg/min to 5 mcg/kg/min.