CNS Stimulants & Related Drugs
Spinal headache is a notable complication of _____. Two locally administered but centrally acted drugs that are injected into the spine are _____.
spinal anesthesia
epidural and intrathecal anesthesia
The only inhaled gas for general anesthesia is _____, and it comes with a postoperative effect of _____ if used for over an hour.
nitrous oxide
post operative nausea and vomiting
When death occurs from opioid overdose, it is almost always from
respiratory depression
Psychostimulant that enhances memory, brightens mood, and is indicated for excessive daytime sleepiness
modafinil
Warfarin and aspirin have a possible interaction with which herbal compound?
gingko biloba
Antiobesity drugs that operate through the CNS are called _____; they appear to suppress appetite centers through _____- and _____-mediated pathways.
anorexiants
dopamine and norepinephrine
Three general anesthetic drugs administered as inhaled volatile liquids are
desflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane
trade names: suprane, forane, ukane
How long does it take for fentanyl patches to reach steady state pain control after the first patch is applied?
12-24 hrs
A 6 yr old child that has been diagnosed with ADHD and is prescribed methylphenidate is most likely given what dosage schedule?
5 mg before breakfast and lunch
Type of sedation that results in the patient being able to follow commands during the procedure but not remembering them afterward
conscious or moderate sedation
Phentermine is a(n) _____ drug that causes additive toxicities like _____, _____, and _____ when combined with CNS stimulants.
anorexiant
seizures, insomnia, dysrhythmias
General anesthetic drugs administered parenterally are
- etomidate (amidate)
- katamine (ketalar)
- methohexital (brevital)
- propofol (diprivan)
- thiopental (pentothal)
(indicates trade/brand name)
Lab values a nurse would evaluate for a patient that is in the emergency room for acetaminophen overdose
Ginseng is a root purported to naturally _____. It is recommended to avoid concurrent use of ginseng with _____ and _____.
- enhance mental function and concentration
- drugs for diabetes that lower blood sugar (e.g. insulin, oral hypoglycemic drugs)
- monoamine oxidase inhibitors
_____ is an analeptic drug that can be used alongside supportive measures for cases of respiratory depression involving anesthesia or drugs of abuse (or in _____ hypercapnia).
doxapram
COPD-associated
Categorize the following adverse effects as attributable to 1) the interaction of phertermine and dexmethylphenidate or 2) phentermine and monoamine oxidase inhibitors
1) phentermine and dexmethylphenidate: dysrhythmia, insomnia, seizures
2) phentermine and monoamine oxidase inhibitors: headache and severe hypertension
One major complication of general anesthesia is hypotension, mostly affecting the _____ of the following organs and processes:
perfusion
heart, peripheral circulation, liver, kidneys, and respiratory tract
Morphine is _____x as potent as hydrocodone, and fentanyl is _____x as potent as morphine.
Morphine is 3x as potent as hydrocodone, and fentanyl is 100x as potent as morphine.
_____ is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used in the treatment of ADHD. Indicate whether it is a stimulant or non-stimulant.
atomoxetine
non-stimulant
Infiltration vs. nerve block
Give common procedures these anesthetic techniques are used for
Anesthetic technique that involves injecting small amounts of anesthetic into the tissues surrounding the operative site (e.g. wound suturing and dental surgery)
Injection of an anesthetic at the site where the nerve innervates a specific area (e.g. severe pain, such as chronic orthopedic pain)
Anorexiant drug therapy is indicated for the treatment of _____. It is contraindicated for patients with _____, _____, _____, _____, _____.
obesity
drug allergies, glaucoma, bulimia nervosa, hypertension, hyperthyroidism
The body functions last impacted by anesthetic drugs are _____ and _____; this is because _____.
The first body functions impacted are _____, _____, and _____; this is because _____.
cardiac and pulmonary
These are controlled by the brainstem and thus are the last impacted.
visual acuity, consciousness, and hearing sensation
These functions are not managed by the brainstem.
The antidote for acetaminophen overdose is _____ administered first as a leading dose ____ after the overdose, with subsequent doses every ____ hours for 17 more doses.
acetylcysteine; ASAP; 4
Adverse effects of methylphenidate (also known by the brand name _____) include
ritalin
angina, anxiety, insomnia, headache, tremor, blurred vision, increased metabolic rate, GI distress, weight loss, dry mouth, and the worsening or new onset of psychiatric disorders (e.g. mania, psychoses, aggression)
Why is the anti_____ drug doxapram contraindicated for newborns?
Antileptic drug doxapram is a respiratory stimulant that is contraindicated in newborns, because the presence of benzyl alcohol causes gasping syndrome in newborn patients.