Antiplatelet
Class: anticoagulant
MOA: Prevent clots AKA blood thinner
Nursing: monitor routinely aPTT & CBC. Fast acting, can be given IV or subQ. Used for short term. We want to make sure the patient doesn’t develop heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) which can occur when the patient’s platelet count is low.
What is Heparin?
What is an ACE inhibitor?
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure. suffix "PRIL"
What does a selective Beta-Blocker do vs. a non-selective?
Ex: metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol
Non-Selective effects the heart and lungs. Ex: propranolol, nadolol, sotalol
What is the strongest "statin"?
Rosuvastatin (Crestor) works by slowing the production of cholesterol in the body.
Drug class: Antilipemic Agents
Help to prevent strokes.
Binds to an enzyme in the presence of acidic gastric pH, preventing the final transport of hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen.
Pantoprazole (Protonix)
Class: PPI
Brand: Clopidogrel
MOA: keep clot from forming used when aspirin cannot be used.
Nursing: Watch for TTP clotting disorder, stop 5-7 days before surgery.
Generic name: Plavix
What is brand name, MOA, and nursing responsibilities?
Common ACE medications?
Catopril
enalapril
fosinopril
lisinopril
Atenolol
Tenormin
This medication is a water-soluble B vitamin?
What is Niacin (Niaspan)
Class: antilipemic
MOA: inhibits a hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue which reduces the breakdown of triglycerides to free fatty acids, and the transport of free fatty acids to the liver.
An anticonvulsant, used for tonic-clonic and focal seizures?
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
MOA: Inhibits spread of seizures in the motor cortex
Nursing: Report visual changes, DO not stop abruptly, or take with grapefruit juice.
Alteplase (Activase-tPA)
MOA: Dissolve clot, breaks up fibrin mesh in clots.
Used only in STEMI
Nursing: increased risk for bleeding.
Treats: Ischemic strokes, ST elevation, MI, PE. DO NOT USE IN HEMORRAGIC.
Class: Thromboembolic (Fibrinolytic)
What is the Mechanism of Action of ACE?
Lowers BP by preventing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Prevents vasoconstriction. Retains sodium & water.
Beta blockers
work by blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine, also known as adrenaline. Beta blockers cause the heart to beat more slowly and with less force, which lowers blood pressure. Beta blockers also help widen veins and arteries to improve blood flow.
Brand name Zocor
Generic name: Simvastatin
Blocks serotonin reuptake allowing more serotonin, analgesic for migraines. AVOID NSAIDS
Class: SSRI
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Brand: Coumadin
MOA: Interferes with synthesis of vit. K. Used for pt in A-FIB, or those at risk for thromboembolism, Blocks the formation of prothrombin from vit. K.
Nursing: Monitor for bleeding, Given PO same time for life, Avoid green leafy veg., Monitor INR: therapeutic range: 2-3.0.
Generic: warfarin
Most common side effects of an ACE?
Adverse cough, angioedema
These Beta blockers may be used to prevent migraines?
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Propranolol (Inderal)
S/S to watch for when taking "Statins"?
myopathy (muscle pain), tea colored urine, monitor creatinine kinase, ALT, AST.
side effects: rash and GI
Used for MS, teach patient how to inject?
Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone)
Class: anticoagulant (LWMH)
MOA: Potentiates the inhibitory effect of antithrombin on factor Xa ad thrombin.
Helps to prevent clots forming
Nursing: Monitor platelets, Given only subcutaneous, Do not expel air and no labs.
What is Lovenox (Enoxaparin)?
What is used if ACE cannot be tolerated?
class: ARB's which block angiotensin II.
Ex: Losartan (Cozaar)
This is the beta blocker drug of choice for MI & HF. Also used in sinus tachy and A-flutter?
MOA: blocks B1 adrenergic receptors
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
S/S monitor pulse & BP, *masks hypoglycemia
Nursing instructions for a patient taking Niacin.
Flushing on face and neck may occur within 20 mins and can last 30-60 mins. May take aspirin or NSAID 30 mins before taking. Take with food or milk.
Interferon B-1
Class: immunodulator
MOA: decreases flare-up in MS, helps to prevent relapse.
Nursing: Teach pt. S/S of flu like symptoms is common.