Key Terms
Objective Communication
Based on what a person sees, hears, touches or smells (NOT TASTE)
Temperature
What is 97.6-99.6
Can be taken orally, rectally, axillary, tympanic
** Rectal is most accurate, hold on to it all times
When should you not take an oral temp?
Unconscious, less than 5 years, tube feeds, facial droop. If drink something wait 15 min!
Prone
Lying on stomach
Pathogen
Occurs when the microorganism enters the body and multiply. It can be a virus, bacteria, fungi, or parasite.
It can be local (small area) or systemic (Whole body)
Where do microorganism grow best?
Ombudsman
Advocates for resident
Ketoacidosis
blood glucose levels are critical high. May observe fruity breath.
Subjective Communication
It is something a person cannot or did not oversee. Based on what the resident (subject) reports. Also called symptoms.
Respirations
Normal Range 12-20
It is measuring how many times an individual breaths in oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide in minute (60seconds)
Dyspnea - Short of breath
Supine
Laying on back (spine)
Standard Precautions
what is treating blood, body fluids, non intact skin as infectious. (Sweat is NOT)
Includes: Handwashin, Gown, Gloves, and Goggles/Face Shield
OBRA
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
This Act determined that to be a NA need 75 hr of training
12 hours of continuing education to maintain certification.
Sphygmomanometer
A device that is used to obtain blood pressure.
Barriers to Communication
1) Hearing
2) Vision (Use the clock method)
3) Speech (cannot understand, or speaks a different language, slang, cliches)
4) Non verbal (Body language)
5) Culture - learned beliefs/behaviors practiced by a person or group
Pain
This is sometimes referred to as the 5th vital sign. It is subjective info gathered from resident When a patient reports pain. Ask them the location, when it started, use a measuring technique scale of 1-10. And ask quality: dull, achy throbbing etc.
Report!!
Remember it is the BOLD STEP on ROM.
Semi Fowler
sitting up position. 45-90. Remember patient should be in the 90 degree position with eating. Leave them up 30 min after eating
Transmission-Based Precautions
What is used in addition to standard precautions (remember it only works with it not alone)
Airborne -
Droplet - (6 feet)
Contact -
Scope of Practice
What you are allowed to do based on your training and what is in resident's care plan
You are NOT allowed
Pull tubes
Give medications
Change sterile dressings
Insert tubes or touch them
ROM
Range of motion
PROM - passive range of motion
ACOM - Active range of motion
AACOM - Active assistive range of motions
Do three sets, be sure to access pain at least once
Defense Mechanisms
What are behaviors used to cope in a stressful situations
1) Denial 2) Projection 3) Displacement
4)) Rationalization 5) Repression 6) Regression
Blood Pressure
This is indicates how well heart is working
Systolic 120 mm Hg (when heart is contracting)
Diastolic 80 mag Hg (when heart is relaxed)
p. 182 written as a fraction 120/80
Hypertension is high blood pressure; hypotension is low blood pressure
Lateral
Turning a patient left or right
Common. Infection Disease
TB, Bloodborne Path, Hepatitis, MRSA, VRE, C-diff, TB
Advance Directives
Living Will - Expresses your wishes if you cannot
Medical POA - Individual that can speak on your behalf if you are unable too.
DNR - Do Not Resisitate
Angina Pectoris
Chest pain
Mental Health Disorder
What is a disorder that the body's ability to function and produces signs and symptoms.
1) combative
2) Anger
3) Inappropriate Behavior
Pulse
This indicates how many times your heart beats in 1min/60 seconds. Use the radial pulse
Normal range is 60-100
Tachy - greater than 100
Brady - less than 60
Superior
Towards the head; inferior is away from the head
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
DON
Gown, Mask, Goggles, Gloves
DOFF
Gloves, Goggles, Gown, Mask
STNA Don'ts
Cannot pass medications
Cannot change sterile dressing
Cannot insert or remove tubes
Administer tube feeding
I/O's
Intake
Solids are measure in %
Liquids are measure in ml/cc 30oz per ml
Remember output includes urine, bowel mov or vomit