What's that Med?
(Pharmacology)
(Pharmacology)
beta blocker commonly used to control dysrhythmias that may occur from cardiomyopathy in the later stages of muscular dystrophy
carvedilol (CoReg)
three types of muscle found in the body
cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle
imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the body's internal organs, tissues, and structures without using ionizing radiation; used to identify signs of neural tube defects postnatally
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
two significant lab values that must be monitored alongside corticosteroid therapy
blood glucose level and WBC count
a vital nursing intervention for musculoskeletal disorders that can increase venous return, prevent stiffness, and maintain muscle strength and endurance
Range of Motion (ROM) exercises
helps to slow down muscle breakdown and potentially stimulate muscle repair by stabilizing muscle fiber membranes for clients with muscular dystrophy
corticosteroids (i.e. prednisone, dexamethasone)
suggestive of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy; marked by a person using their hands to "walk" up their thighs to stand up from a sitting or lying position, indicating weakness in the hip and thigh muscles
Gower's Sign
small electrodes, either placed on the skin (surface electrodes) or inserted into the muscle with a needle (needle electrodes), detect electrical signals generated by muscle contractions
electromyelogram (EMG)
protein that helps stabilize the muscle cell membrane during muscle contraction
dystrophin
hand hygiene and aseptic technique with wound management
in osteomyelitis, these first-line antibiotic IV infusions are given over a course of 4 to 6 weeks from the time of the final surgical debridement or surgical cleaning of the wound (2 examples)
penicillin or cephalosporin
(Vancomycin if MRSA suspected)
outer layer of bone which is penetrated by a pathogen in osteomyelitis, forming an elevated area d/t pus formation
What is the periosteum?
this diagnostic, accompanied by a microbial culture of the sample obtained, is the definitive diagnostic test for osteomyelitis
bone biopsy
serum levels are elevated Paget's disease as a result of increased bone turnover
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
priority outcome(s) for the client with muscular dystrophy
ABCs (patent airway, regular breathing pattern, cardiac stability)
decreases osteoclast activity in bone, decreases mineral release and collagen breakdown in bone, and assists with renal excretion of calcium; not suitable for long-term use, clients may become resistant
Calcitonin
cells that dissolve and break down old or damaged bone cells, making way for new bone cells (remodeling)
osteoclasts
treatment for chronic osteomyelitis; increases O2 diffusion into infected bone and surrounding tissues, promoting angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation).
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO)
provide examples of three major labs indicative of muscle cell damage
Creatinine Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase
List 3 nursing interventions for Pagets disease
Monitor calcium and vitamin D levels
Encourage low-impact exercises
Administer bisphosphonates as prescribed
Monitor pain levels
Administer prescribed analgesics (i.e. NSAIDS)
Assess for hearing loss & neuro impacts
bisphosphonate that suppresses bone resorption but can cause GI upset & renal toxicity
risedronate (Actonel)
sequestrum
one of the most sensitive imaging tests for diagnosing and assessing the extent of Paget’s; helps detect areas of increased bone turnover before structural changes appear on X-rays
Bone scan
increases in these two labs help monitor the acute inflammatory response as well as issues with chronic inflammation and trends over time
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
provide at least 3 interventions for the client with confirmed osteomyelitis