Stress & Coping
What are the three stages of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
What are the three domains of learning involved in client education?
Cognitive (thinking), affective (feeling), and psychomotor (doing).
What are the six ethical principles discussed in nursing?Assessment, analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Autonomy, beneficence, veracity, fidelity, justice, and nonmaleficence.
What is health promotion, and how is wellness defined?
Health promotion is the process of helping people gain greater influence over and improve their health. Wellness is a positive state of health.
What are the three domains of learning, and which domain involves performing physical or mental skills?
Cognitive (thinking), affective (feeling), and psychomotor (doing). The psychomotor domain involves learning skills.
What is the difference between eustress and distress?
Eustress is positive stress; distress is negative stress.
What are the three main goals of client education?
Health promotion, restoration of health, and adaptation to permanent illness or injury.
What is the difference between assault and battery in nursing?
Assault is causing a patient to reasonably fear imminent harm, such as making a threat. Battery is the actual wrongful physical contact or harm.
What is the Healthy People initiative, and how often are its national health objectives developed?
It establishes national health promotion and disease prevention objectives to improve Americans' health. Objectives are developed every 10 years.
A client experiences frequent episodes of acute stress that begin affecting relationships, work, and overall health. What type of stress is this?
Episodic acute stress. This occurs when someone experiences frequent bouts of acute stress.
What are the three types of stress discussed in the presentation?
Acute stress, episodic acute stress, and chronic stress.
What is the teach-back method, and why is it used in client education?
The client repeats or demonstrates the information taught. This allows the nurse to confirm that the client understood the information accurately.
What are the four elements that must be satisfied for a negligence or malpractice claim?
Duty, breach, causation, and harm.
What is the difference between modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors? Give two examples of each.
Modifiable factors are behaviors or exposures that can be changed, such as smoking and physical inactivity. Nonmodifiable factors cannot be changed, such as age and genetics.
A nurse tells a patient, 'You leave those tubes alone or we will tie your hands down.' Which legal violation does this statement illustrate?
Assault. The nurse is threatening the patient with unwanted physical restraint, causing fear of harm.
A client refuses to acknowledge a serious diagnosis despite clear medical evidence. Which ego defense mechanism is being used?
Denial — refusing to acknowledge or accept reality to avoid emotional distress.
A nurse is teaching a client who is experiencing pain, anxiety, and fatigue. What factors could interfere with the client's ability to learn?
Pain or physical discomfort, anxiety, and fatigue are barriers to learning. The nurse should address these barriers before continuing education.
A nurse continues changing a patient's dressing even though the patient refuses the procedure. What legal violation has occurred?
Battery. The nurse continues physical contact or treatment without the patient's consent.
A nurse recommends a screening test to detect disease before symptoms appear. Which level of prevention is this, and why?
Secondary prevention. It involves early detection and treatment of preclinical changes to reduce disease impact and limit disability.
A patient with an established disease participates in rehabilitation to minimize disability and improve function. Which level of prevention is being used?
Tertiary prevention. Its goal is to reverse, minimize, or delay the effects of an existing disease or disability.
During the fight-or-flight response, what physiological changes occur in the body?
Increased heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, and blood glucose; dilation of bronchial airways and pupils.
What are the five steps of an effective client teaching plan, in the order presented in the PowerPoint?
Assessment, analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
A nurse incorrectly inserts a PCA syringe, and the patient does not receive prescribed pain medication, resulting in prolonged unrelieved pain. What legal issue does this illustrate, and what four elements must be established?
Malpractice. The four elements are duty, breach, causation, and harm.
Explain primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, and give one nursing-related example of each.
Primary: prevent health problems before they occur (vaccination). Secondary: detect and treat disease early (screening). Tertiary: minimize or delay effects of existing disease or disability (rehabilitation).
A nurse explains the risks, benefits, and alternatives of a procedure. The patient then repeats the information to demonstrate understanding. What two concepts are being applied?
Informed consent and teach-back. Informed consent involves educating the patient about risks, benefits, and alternatives. Teach-back helps verify that the patient understands the information.