Evidence
Reviewing studies to determine the level of evidence, how well it was conducted, and how useful it is to practice
Article: Critical Evidence Appraisal Part 1
What is critical appraisal, or rapid critical appraisal?
RCA includes looking at each study's level of evidence, how well it was conducted, and how useful it is to practice.
As the level of stress increases, the level of health decreases
p100
What is a directional hypothesis?
Selection of most readily available persons as participants in a study
What is a convenience sample?
This ethical principle imposes a duty on researchers to minimize harm and maximize benefits
What is beneficence?
(non maleficence is to avoid harm to the patient, or what would be against the patient’s interests-Beauchamp and Childress, biomedical ethics)
This accounts for and thoroughly describes a phenomenon (important in qualitative studies)
p1d23
What is a descriptive theory?
A synthesis of evidence from all relevant randomized controlled trials; objective method of integrating a body of findings and of observing patterns
What is a meta-analysis or systemic review
Level of stress is related to level of health
What is a non-directional hypothesis?
Referring to a sample, this term indicates that adequate data has been collected for a detailed analysis, and that any new data would be redundant
p 55
What is sample saturation?
Ethics will be found in this section of a research paper.
What is the Methods section?
The conceptual underpinning of a study (can be defined or implicit)
p124
What is a framework?
Interpretive translations produced from the integration or comparison of findings from qualitative studies
p409
What is metasynthesis?
There is no relationship between the dependent and independent variable,
E.g. "Younger patients are just as likely to fall as older patients"
p101
What is the null hypothesis?
This indicates the probability that obtained results are due to chance alone
p62
What is the p value?
This principle means that prospective participants have the right to decide voluntarily whether to participate in a study, without risking prejudicial treatment
p80
What is the principle of self determination?
Also known as a conceptual map, this model visually represents relationships among phenomena and is used in qualitative and quantitative research
p123
What is a schematic model?
The odds of an outcome occurring in the intervention group compared with the odds of it occurring in the comparison or control group.
Critical Appraisal of Evidence Part II p47
What is odds ratio?
This is something that never happens to hypotheses as they are either supported or rejected
p101
What is proved or disproved
This most widely used measurement of internal consistency indicates the degree to which the items on a multi item scale are measuring the same underlying construct
p250 and p397
What is Cronbach's or coefficient alpha?
In addition to the equitable distribution of the benefits and burdens of research, the ethical principle of Justice (AKA Distributive Justice), includes these rights
p 81
What are the rights to fair treatment, privacy, and non-discrimination?
As nurses formulated conceptual models representing explanations of what the nursing discipline is and what the nursing process entails, these four concepts emerged as central to models of nursing care
p125
What are human beings, environment, health and nursing?
The team synthesizing the evidence on RRT's, in the articles in Module 3, decides this
Critical Appraisal of Evidence Part III p51
RRT is a valuable intervention to initiate
Stating the expected relationship between the independent variable (the presumed cause or influence) and the dependent variable (outcome or effect) within a population is this type of hypothesis
p100
What is a research or testable hypothesis?
This correlation statistic designates the magnitude of the relationship between variables; value range is minus one through plus one, with perfect correlation being +1
p235
What is Pearson's r coefficient?
This principle is based on Respect for Human Dignity which encompasses people's right to make informed decisions about study participation (and broadly guides informed consent)
The principle of autonomy which holds that individual persons have the right to make their own choices
The goal of this theory used in qualitative research is to develop a conceptually dense understanding of a phenomenon that is grounded in actual observations
What is grounded theory?