Nursing Research & Nursing Process
A systematic process that uses rigorous guidelines to produce unbiased, trustworthy answers to questions about nursing practice
What is Nursing Research?
Characteristic, event, or response that represents the elements of the research question in a detectable or measurable way.
What is a variable?
A nonprobability method of selecting a sample that includes subjects who are available conveniently to the researcher.
What is convenience sampling?
Questions that have a fixed number of alternative responses. Respondents are forced to select answers or ratings on a scale provided by the researcher.
What are closed questions?
Studies conducted by looking at a single phenomenon across multiple populations at a single point in time, with no intention for follow-up in the design.
What is Cross-Sectional Methods?
An outcome of interest that occurs after the introduction of an independent variable; the “effect” of “cause and effect".
What is dependent variable?
The potential participants who meet the definition of the population and are accessible to the researcher.
What is sampling frame?
A scale that uses attitude statements ranked on a five- or seven- point scale. The degree of agreement or disagreement is given a numerical value and a total can be calculated.
What is a Likert scale?
The process of subjecting research to the appraisal of a neutral third party.
What is Peer Review?
A factor that is artificially introduced into a study explicitly to measure an expected affect; the “cause” of “cause and effect”.
What is independent variable?
Selecting subjects or assigning them to groups in a way that is not impartial. This type of bias may pose a threat to the validity of the study.
What is selection bias?
Questions with no predetermined set of responses.
What are open-ended questions?
A research approach that combines quantitative and qualitative elements; it involves the description of the measurable state of a phenomenon and the individual’s subjective response to it.
What is Mixed Methods?
Factors that exert an effect on the outcome but that are not part of the planned experiment.
What are extraneous variables?
A non-probability sampling method that relies on referrals from the initial subjects to recruit additional subjects. This method is best used for studies involving subjects who possess sensitive characteristics or who are difficult to find.
What is snowball sampling?
An explanation of the procedures that must be performed to accurately represent the concepts.
What is operational definition?
Studies conducted using data that have already been collected about events that have already happened. Such secondary data were originally collected to a purpose other than the current research.
What are Retrospective Studies?
Research in which a relationship between variables has been posed and the study is designed to examine the hypothesis.
What are confirmatory studies?
A sampling process used in quantitative research in which every member of the available population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
What is probability or random sampling?
The difference between the actual attribute (true score) and the amount of attribute that was represented by the measure (observed score).
What is measurement error?