Nutrition Basics
Which statement best defines nutrition?
A. The study of food marketing and consumer behavior
B. The process of eating three meals per day
C. The science that studies how food and nutrients affect the body
D. The chemical composition of food only
C. The science that studies how food and nutrients affect the body
A placebo is best defined as:
A. A harmful substance
B. A nutrient supplement
C. A fake treatment used as a comparison
D. A dietary guideline
C. A fake treatment used as a comparison
The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) meets the needs of:
A. 25% of the population
B. 50% of the population
C. 97–98% of individuals
D. All individuals
B. 50% of the population
MyPlate emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Proportionality
B. Variety
C. Moderation
D. Supplement use
D. Supplement use
Healthy People 2030 is developed by:
A. FDA
B. USDA
C. CDC
D. U.S. Public Health Service
D. U.S. Public Health Service
Which of the following is an example of a nonessential nutrient?
A. Vitamin C
B. Calcium
C. Lecithin
D. Iron
C. Lecithin
Epidemiological studies primarily examine:
A. Cause-and-effect relationships
B. Nutrient metabolism in cells
C. Patterns between diet and disease
D. Effects of supplements in controlled trials
C. Patterns between diet and disease
Which DRI is most appropriate for assessing individual nutrient adequacy?
A. EAR
B. AI
C. RDA
D. UL
C. RDA
“Make half your plate fruits and vegetables” reflects which MyPlate concept?
A. Energy balance
B. Nutrient density
C. Proportionality
D. Adequacy
C. Proportionality
The USP Dietary Supplement Verification Program (DSVP) verifies that supplements:
A. Cure disease
B. Are FDA-approved
C. Contain what the label claims
D. Are nutrient dense
C. Contain what the label claims
Which nutrient provides 9 kcal per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Alcohol
D. Lipids
D. Lipids
A study comparing people with Type 2 diabetes to similar individuals without diabetes is an example of a:
A. Human intervention study
B. Laboratory study
C. Case-control study
D. Balance study
C. Case-control study
The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is used to:
A. Prevent nutrient deficiencies
B. Measure energy balance
C. Prevent nutrient toxicity
D. Set food label values
C. Prevent nutrient toxicity
Which feature distinguishes the Healthy Eating Plate from MyPlate?
A. Emphasis on fruits and vegetables
B. Includes physical activity reminder
C. Specifies types of fats
D. Uses portion sizes
C. Specifies types of fats
Vending machines must display calorie information when the operator owns:
A. 5 or more machines
B. 10 or more machines
C. 20 or more machines
D. Any number of machines
C. 20 or more machines
Which of the following is considered an inorganic nutrient?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Water
D. Vitamins
C. Water
Why are anecdotal claims considered unreliable?
A. They are expensive
B. They lack scientific testing
C. They involve control groups
D. They are peer-reviewed
B. They lack scientific testing
Which variables are used to calculate Estimated Energy Requirements (EER)?
A. Age, gender, height, weight, physical activity
B. Income, culture, education
C. Genetics only
D. Food preferences
A. Age, gender, height, weight, physical activity
Exchange Lists are most useful for:
A. Evaluating food labels
B. Planning individualized diets
C. Estimating energy expenditure
D. Diagnosing disease
B. Planning individualized diets
A 24-hour dietary recall is primarily used to assess:
A. Long-term dietary patterns
B. Usual intake over a year
C. Recent food and beverage intake
D. Nutrient metabolism
C. Recent food and beverage intake
Nutrient density is best described as:
A. Calories per serving
B. Nutrients relative to energy content
C. The weight of food
D. Amount of fiber per gram
B. Nutrients relative to energy content
In a double-blind study, who knows the group assignments?
A. Participants only
B. Researchers only
C. Both participants and researchers
D. Neither participants nor researchers
D. Neither participants nor researchers
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) describe:
A. Vitamin intake ranges
B. Safe ranges of macronutrient intake
C. Minimum calorie intake
D. Supplement limits
B. Safe ranges of macronutrient intake
Which is a primary goal of Healthy People 2030?
A. Increase supplement use
B. Eliminate health disparities
C. Promote weight loss
D. Reduce food prices
B. Eliminate health disparities
A food containing >20% Daily Value of a nutrient is considered:
A. Low
B. Moderate
C. High
D. Excessive
C. High