Energy Balance and Obesity
What percentage of the population is overweright or obese?
Just obese?
71
42
What percentage of calories should saturated fat come from if someone has elevated LDL or diabetes
5-6
Define critical period
the finite period during development,
folate
heart, brain, and lungs
How many additoinal kcal does the mother need to produce milk?
How much of that is from diet vs fat srores
500 calories
330, 170
What is the most important factor in supplement use?
AGE
Joe is 93 kg and is 1.88 meters. What is his BMI classification?
26.3-Overweight
Name the four stages of blood pressure
Normal blood pressure: <120 and <80
Elevated blood pressure: 120-129 and <80
Stage 1: 130-139 or 80-89
Stage 2: ≥140 or ≥90
What mineral does absorption double?
Triple?
Calcium-1000-1300(intake important for <25)
Iron-supplement required, infant draws on maternal stores for 4-6 months
List the macronutrient concentration from greatest to least in breast milk
Fat,Carb,Protein
What are the BMI percentile cutpoints for Children?
85-94th=overweight
95-100=obesity
Differentiate between hunger vs appetite and Satiety and Satiation
Hunger: response to physiological need Appetite: can occur without hunger, sensory Satiety: perception of fullness, in between meals Saitation: perception of fullness builds during meals
what are the effects of the following on blood lipids:
Saturated fat, trans fat, poly and monounsaturated fats, excessive carbs
Sat fat:inc total cholesterol and LDL Trans fat: same as sat fat Poly and Monounsaturated: dec total and LDL Excessive carbs: decrease HDL and inc triglycerides
Give the following recommended weight gain for each of the following BMI's: Underweight, Normal weight, Overweight, Obese
Underweight:28-40
Normal weight:25-35
Overweight-15-25
Obese:11-20
At 6-8 months, what food groups can babies be fed?
Milk, Grain(baby cereal), Fruit, Vegetables
What supplement claims to treat upper respiratory infections
can treat but may NOT prevent
Echinacea
List the cutpoints for the following: Waist circumference and BF%
Waist Circumference Women: >35 inches Men: >40 inches
BF Percentages
Men: >22% body fat under 40. 25% in men over age 40
Women > 32% body fat under 40. 35% in women over age 40
Name the components of Metabolic Syndrome
-Central obesity (based on waist circumference)
– High triglycerides (>150 mg/dl)
– Low HDL (<40 mg/dl)
– Prediabetes
– Hypertension
How many additional calories are needed during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters?
What is the rate of weight for each trimester?
340 ,450
Frist:2-4 lbs TOTAL
Second and Third: .5-1 lb per week
What types of food can be given to babies at 8-12 months
Milk: cheese, plain yogurt, cottage cheese, Grain: baby cereal, break OR crackers Fruit and vegetables. Meat: chicken, beef, pork, egg yolks, dried beans
What supplement claims to improve cerebral and peripheral blood flow that can boost cognitive function and prevent short term memory loss.
DO NOT take with blood thinners
Gingko
Estimated Energy Expenditure percentages
50-65: RMR
5-10 thermic
25-50 Physical Activity
What are the three components of the intensive lifestyle program for the DPP?
-7% weight loss
– Low calorie, low fat, high fiber diet
• 14 grams fiber per 1000 kcal
– 150 min physical activity per week
List the 8 components of weight gain during pregnancy and their respective amounts.
HINT all summed = 30
Infant: 7.5, Fat store:7, Blood supply to placenta:4, increase mother fluid volume:4, (Breast, amniotic fluid, uterus size:2), placenta:1.5
How long should you wait before introducing a new food to a baby?
What should you wait to give til after 1 year
3-5 days
Honey
releive knee pain
treat mild anxiety and depression
decrease stress and increase concetration
Glucosamine
St.Johns Wort
Ginseng