Feeding strategies
What are the 6 different feeding strategies?
- carnivores (meat eaters)
- omnivores (mixed, opportunistic feeders)
- insectivores (insect eaters)
- granivores(eat seed and nut eaters)
- frugivores (fruit eaters)
- herbivores (forage, foliage eaters, plant material)
Microbes in the rumen:
where do they grow and what do they ferment?
- fiber --> compounds that can be used by the host (VFA+lactate) =short chain FAs (these make up 75% of the energy metabolized by the host)
What are monosaccharides?
-simple sugars
- have ~3-8 carbons
- most common hexoses and pentoses
What are the 2 types of digestive physiology?
- auto-enzymatic digester
-allo-enzymatic digester
What is the main goal of glucagon?
It is secreted by the pancreas in response to low blood glucose
feeding strategy __
it relates to the way food is eaten and method by which it is obtained
What are the 5 major microbes found in ruminants?
- bacteria
- fungi
- methanogens
- protozoa
- viruses
what are disaccharides? how are they linked together?
- 2 monosaccharides bonded together
- linked by a glycosidic bond
What is an auto-enzymatic digester?
Animals that have digestion carried out largely by enzymes produced by the animal itself
"auto" = self
How does glucagon raise blood glucose?
- increasing gluconeogensis
- increasing glycogen degradation
- decreasing glycogen synthesis
What are the 3 subtypes of herbivores?
Terrestrial herbivores:
- bulk and roughage eaters (grazers)
- concentrate selectors (browsers)
- intermediate feeders
What does the life cycle of fungi look like?
begin as zoospores (free-swimming, they then attach and burrow themselves into cell walls, thallus then starts forming in cell wall, mature sporangium then erupts and new zoospores are released
What are oligosaccharides?
What is an allo-enzymatic digester?
Animals that have digestion carried out largely by enzymes produced by microbes (in their gut)
"allo" = other
What is the main goal of insulin?
It is secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose
Most autoenzymatic digesters are ___ with the exception of who? and what is their feeding strategy?
- non-herbivores (carnivores, insectivores, granivores, omnivores)
- giant panda (herbivore)
Where do the microbes in horses grow?
in the cecum & colon
What are polysaccharides?
These are many monosaccharides bonded together (~10 or more)
What are examples for both allo/auto- enzymatic digesters?
auto = chickens
allo = cow
What are some ways that insulin lowers blood glucose?
- decreases gluconeogenesis
- decreases glycogen degradation
- increasing glycogen synthesis
- increasing glucose uptake by peripheral tissue
Is an animal truly an all- or auto-enzymatic digester?
horses covert fiber to short chain FAs at around ___
~30%
What are the 3 things that define how a glycosidic bond will be named?
- types of monosaccharides
- the position of the carbons involved
- anomeric configuration of anomeric (carbonyl) carbons
Allo-enzymatic digesters are mostly ____ with the exception of who? and what is their feeding strategy?
- herbivores
- peccary (omnivore)
What is glycolysis?