Barriers and Facilitators
According to Ng et al. (2022), what is the #1 barrier to nutrition policy development worldwide?
Industry resistance to regulation (accept “corporate lobbying”).
Which 2010 law required calorie posting in chain restaurants with 20 or more locations?
Affordable Care Act (ACA) (Also acceptable: “Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act”)
Which 1930s era prompted the creation of the first U.S. federal food assistance programs?
The Great Depression
Which 1906 novel exposed unsanitary practices in U.S. meatpacking plants?
The Jungle
Which 1938 law expanded government power over food safety?
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
What technical challenge most often slows policy implementation?
Limited resources and staff capacity (Also acceptable: “lack of funding”).
What hazard-control system became mandatory for food safety in the 1990s?
HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points).
What was the name of the first U.S. food guide introduced during World War II?
The Basic Seven.
Who wrote The Jungle and triggered the first major federal food safety reforms?
Upton Sinclair
What is HACCP designed to prevent?
Foodborne illness.
What long-term barrier links poor diet quality with historical patterns of poverty and segregation?
Social determinants of health inequities.
What 2010 act updated nutrition standards for U.S. school meals?
Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act.
What was the original purpose of the National School Lunch Program, beyond feeding children?
To improve national security by addressing malnutrition in potential soldiers.
Which U.S. industry was directly targeted by The Jungle?
The meatpacking industry
Which institution is governed by CMS nutrition standards?
Hospitals.
What local entity links communities to policymakers to improve food access?
Food Policy Councils (FPCs)
Which federal agency oversees both SNAP and the National School Lunch Program?
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
In what year was the Basic Seven introduced?
1943.
What term describes the simultaneous presence of undernutrition and obesity within the same population?
The dual burden of malnutrition (also acceptable: “dual burden of nutrition”).
Which 1970s lawsuits exposed the use of inadequate or unsafe prison food as a violation of the Eighth Amendment?
Prison food reform cases (e.g., Holt v. Sarver).
Municipalities with FPCs are how much more likely to have healthy food policies (Oza-Frank et al. 2025)?
About two times more likely.
Which 1980 milestone marked the first official federal dietary guidance document based on scientific evidence?
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (1980).
Which U.S. President signed the 1946 National School Lunch Act into law?
Harry S. Truman
What 2010 event revitalized school nutrition standards and national attention to childhood obesity?
The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act and the Let’s Move! campaign.
What 2011 event in Texas prompted the state to end its “last meal” policy for death-row inmates, often discussed in class as an ethical turning point in institutional feeding?
Lawrence Brewer’s extravagant final meal request.