Chapter 8 section 1 -2
Name the three classes of nutrients that supply your body with energy.
Metabolism, Calories, and carbohydrates
Explain how the Dietary Guidelines for Americans can help you plan a healthful diet.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans is a document developed by nutrition experts to promote health.
The Dietary Guidelines provide information on how to
make smart food choices
balance food intake with physical activity
get the most nutrition out of the calories you consume
handle food safely
Summarize three main reasons why you eat.
To meet your nutritional needs, to satisfy your appetite, and to supply your body with energy.
Describe the three main functions of the digestive system.
Digestion, Absorption, Elimination
Explain how the body obtains energy from foods.
When your body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells. As a result, energy is released. Metabolism is the chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release this energy.
Summarize the recommendations in the MyPlate plan.
Make half the grains you eat whole grains. Vary your vegetables. Eat a variety of fruits. Get plenty of calcium-rich foods.
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groups foods according to types and indicates how much of each type should be eaten daily for a healthy diet.
Analyze the information contained on food labels.
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires manufacturers to include food labels on most prepared foods.Food labels must list specific nutrition facts about the food, including calorie and nutrient content, and the ingredients.
Identify the organs of the digestive system and their functions.
Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas
Describe the roles that carbohydrates, fats, and proteins play in your body.
Carbohydrates supply energy for your body’s functions. Fats supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves. Proteins can serve as a source of energy. The most important function of proteins is their role in the growth and repair of your body’s tissues.
Identify the two main classes of vitamins.
fat-soluble vitamins—dissolve in fatty material
water-soluble vitamins—dissolve in water
Identify health problems associated with being overweight and underweight.
Underweight - Anemia, Heat Irregularities, Trouble regulating body temperature
Overweight - High Blood Pressure, Excess cholesterol in the blood, excess glucose in the blood, heart disease, stroke, certain cancers
Identify behaviors that keep your digestive system healthy.
Consume plenty of Fiber, Avoid fatty foods, Eat moderately, Plan meals for a time when you can relax, Drink water, Get regular exercise.
List seven minerals your body needs in significant amounts.
calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur
Examine how diabetics, vegetarians, people with food sensitivities, and athletes can meet their nutritional needs.
Sensible weight loss - Recognize eating patterns, Play Helpful strategies, Exercise
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Sensible weight gain - Avoid snacks before mealtimes, Eat nutrient-dense foods high in calories, Don't increase your fat intake over what is recommended in the MyPlate plan. Try not to skip meals, Take bigger helpings of food than usual, While you are increasing your caloric intake, do not neglect exercise.
Explain how the kidneys remove wastes from the blood and produce urine.
The Kidneys produce urine by filtering urea and other wastes from the blood, One Ureter extends from each Kidney. The ureters carry urine from the Kidneys to the bladder. The bladder is a sac-like muscular organ that stores urine. Urine travels through the Urethra as it exits the body.
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As the filtered material flows through the tube, the glucose, most of the water, and other needed materials pass from the tube back into the blood.Urea and other wastes, such as excess vitamins and harmful substances, stay in the tube.
Explain why water is so important to your body.
Nearly all of the body’s chemical reactions, including those that produce energy and build new tissues, take place in a water solution. About 65 percent of your body weight is water.
Calculate your body mass index.
Body mass index (BMI) is a ratio of your weight to your height.
Follow these steps to calculate your BMI. Multiply your height (in inches) by your height (in inches). Divide your weight (in pounds) by the number from Step 1. Multiply the number from Step 2 by 703.
Describe behaviors that can keep your excretory system healthy.
Drink plenty of water. Diet low in salt. See a doctor if you have symptoms.