Definitions
Define Nutrition
Nutrition is the study of food, how it affects the human body and influences health and metabolism— specifically how the body metabolizes food for energy.
Adequate nutrition is needed for wellness.
What are proteins?
Complex molecules made up of amino acids. They are essential for growth and repair. They build tissue and nitrogen balance.
What is the purpose of eating?
To provide calories and nutrients for the body to utilize.
What are minerals?
Inorganic elements found in nature. Occur in foods naturally or as additives as well as in supplements.
Where can you purchase vitamins?
Food stores, online retailers, Vitamin shops
A unit used to measure energy is called
The types of carbohydrates consist of...
Simple carbs- commonly called sugars.
Monosaccharides- simple sugars that consist of a single unit
Dissacharhides- molecules made up of two saccarides
Complex carbs- consist of long chains of saccarhides, called polysaccharides.
Dietary fibers- polysaccharides, indigestible fibrous skeleton of plant foods.
Which nutrient is most involved in supporting the immune system?
Vitamins (C, D3,)
What are incomplete proteins?
Incomplete proteins (nuts grains) do not provide all of the essential amino acids. However by combining two incomplete proteins a complete protein can be made.
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamin A D E K
(All dogs eat kibble)
Which nutrient has the most calories per gram?
Fat (9Kcal/g)
Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for the body.
What are the functions of protein?
Tissue building, metabolism, immune system function, fluid balance, acid-base balance and secondary energy source.
Flavor and satiety, insulator/protector, aid in digestion of vitamins.
What are complete proteins?
Complete proteins contain all the essential amino acids necessary for protein synthesis.
They usually come from animal sources.
Water soluble vitamins consist of?
Vitamin C & B complex.
Define Metabolism
Metabolism encompasses all the ways in which the body changes and uses nutrients
What are lipids?
Lipids are organic (carbon-containing) substances that are insolvable in water. They are made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen- the same basic elements that make up carbs. The term lipid comes from lipos, a Greek word that means fat.
Lipids that are solid at room temperature are called fats, when they are liquid at room temperature they are called oils.
What happens when you consume more calories than you use on a regular basis?
Types of fats?
Unsaturated- not completely filled with all the hydrogen it can hold. It is lighter and less dense. Primarily made up on unsaturated fatty acids
Saturated- every carbon atom is fully bound to hydrogen. The molecules pack tightly together at room temperature and are dense, solid and heavy. Made up of mostly animal fats.
Trans fatty acids- saturated fats created when food manufacturers add hero gen to polyunsaturated plant oils such as corn oil to break down the double carbon bonds and straighten out the molecules. They are found in many margarines and other processed foods containing hydrogenated vegetable oils.
Why are vitamins important?
Vitamins are organic substances that are necessary for metabolism or preventing a particular deficiency disease. Because the body cannot make vitamins they must be supplied in the foods we eat. They are critical in building and maintaining body tissues, supporting our immune system so we can fight disease ensuring healthy vision. They help our bodies break down and use the energy found in carbs, proteins and lipids. They are critical during rapid growth pregnancy laceration and healing. Evidence supports the claim that some can prevent chronic illness.
How many calories must you burn to rid the body of one pound of fat?
3500 Calories (you cant outrun a bad diet)
What are essential amino acids?
Lipids are organic (carbon-containing) substances that are insolvable in water. They are made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen- the same basic elements that make up carbs. The term lipid comes from lipos, a Greek word that means fat.
Lipids that are solid at room temperature are called fats, when they are liquid at room temperature they are called oils.
Explain how nutrients are broken down and used
The muscles of the small intestine mix food with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine and push the mixture forward to help with further digestion. The walls of the small intestine absorb the digested nutrients into the bloodstream. The blood delivers the nutrients to the rest of the body.
What is cholesterol?
Wax like substance needed for formation of cell membranes- vitamins d, estrogen and testosterone. It is synthesized in the liver and found in animal foods
Why should you supplement vitamins & minerals?
Because its nearly impossible to get all of the nutrients required even with the healthiest diet.