Vitamins, Minerals, and Water
Examples of these types of vitamins include;
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Nutrients that help build and maintain body tissues
Proteins
Represent the most concentrated form of energy available
Fats
Substances in food that your body needs to function properly
Nutrients
Starches and sugars found in foods
Carbohydrate
The amount of nutrients that will prevent deficiencies and excesses in most healthy people.
Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)
These are needed in small amounts. Some can become toxic if quantities are too great.
Micronutrients or Vitamins and Minerals
Foods that lack some of the essential amino acids
Incomplete Protein
Example of this include;
Vegetable oils (liquids at room temperature)
Associated with reduced risk of heart disease
Unsaturated Fats
Substances required in large amounts for normal growth and development
Macronutrients or carbs, fats and proteins
Body’s preferred source of energy
Carbohydrate
Any food made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley, or other cereals.
•Examples include bread, pasta, oatmeal, tortillas, grits, breakfast cereals.
Grains
Examples of these types of Vitamins include;
Vitamin C
Vitamin B complex (8 vitamins)
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Substances (“building blocks”) used to create protein (chains).
Amino Acids
One role of fats is to help carry these vitamins into your blood
Vitamins A, D, E, K
A natural drive that protects you from starvation
Hunger
Measure of energy content in food
Calorie
One of the body’s essential minerals.
Recommendation: 2,300mg or less per day
Sodium
Nutrient that makes up the greatest percentage of the body. Vital to every body function.
Water
Foods that contain all 9 essential amino acids in proper amounts
Complete Protein
Examples include;
Animal fats and tropical oils (usually solid/semi-solid at room temperature)
Beef, pork, egg yolks, and dairy foods are higher in this
High intake is associated with increased risk of heart disease
Saturated Fats
The process by which the body takes in and uses food
Nutrition
A simple sugar and the body’s chief source of fuel
Glucose
Have been milled, removing the bran and the germ. This gives a finer texture and improves their shelf life. It also removes dietary fiber, iron, and vitamins.
Refined Grains
The only vitamin that is manufactured in the body.
Vitamin D
The 9 amino acids your body can’t make; must be found in foods you eat
Essential Amino Acids
Essential fatty acid not made in the body but essential for growth and healthy skin
Linoleic Acid
A desire, rather than a need, to eat
Appetite
Sugars that appear naturally in fruits, some vegetables, and milk.
•Fructose- sugars in fruit
•Lactose- sugars in milk
•Sucrose- table sugar
Simple Carb
Recommendation: <38g per day
Sugar
Do not provide calories (energy), but they help speed up reactions that produce energy in cells.
Vitamins and Minerals
Help identify and destroy bacteria and viruses that cause disease
Antibodies
A fatlike substance produced in the liver of all animals and, therefore, found only in foods of animal origin
Cholesterol
Excess body fat, or adipose tissue
Obesity
Starches that are found in great supply in rice and other grains, seeds, nuts, legumes.
Complex Carbs
Contains the entire kernel – the bran, germ, and endosperm
Whole Grains
Fruits, vegetables, and milk products are generally about 75% of this
Water
Control rate of thousands of biochemical reactions
Enzymes
Known as “bad” cholesterol because having high levels can lead to plaque buildup in your arteries and result in heart disease and stroke.
LDL
Substances essential in small amounts for proper growth and metabolism
Micronutrients or Vitamins and Minerals
An indigestible complex carbohydrate
•Found in tough, stringy part of vegetables, fruits, and grains
Fiber
Includes all foods made from meat, poultry, seafood, beans, peas, eggs, soy products, nuts, and seeds.
Protein Group