Carbohydrates
How many calories are in 1 gram of carbohydrate?
4 calories
Fats are also known as _______, which is a term that
includes fats, oils, and cholesterol.
Lipids
How many calories are in 1 gram of protein?
4 calories
Define: What is a micronutrient?
Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals needed by the body in very small amounts. However, their impact on a body's health are critical
1 teaspoon equals how many grams of sugar?
4 grams
Trace minerals are minerals need in
small amounts (<20 mg needed daily). Name one trace mineral.
Chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc
What is the MAIN function of carbohydrates in the body?
They are a source of FUEL that
PROVIDE ENERGY for the body, brain, and
nervous system
How many calories are in 1 gram of fat?
9 calories
Protein is made up of ________ _______.
Amino acids
What is the difference between fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins?
Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are absorbed by fat, while water-soluble vitamins (everything other than these four) are dissolved in water.
*Water-soluble vitamins are quickly absorbed with the excess being released, while fat-soluble vitamins are slower to dissolve, and the excess is stored in the liver.
Once sugar enters the body what organ does it go directly to?
The liver
What are the 5 food groups on MyPlate?
*AKA what food groups should you aim to eat every day/in every meal?
Fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, dairy
Name 3 foods that are high in carbohydrates (AKA carbohydrate is the food's main macronutrient)
Pasta, rice, beans, bread, bagels, cereal, oatmeal, fruit, milk, popcorn, potatoes, cookies, spaghetti, soft drinks, corn, pie
Name 3 foods that are high in fat (AKA fat is the food's main macronutrient)
Oil, butter, avocado, egg yolks, nuts, seeds, salad dressings, bacon, processed foods, chips, crackers, higher fat dairy products (ice cream, whipping cream, cheese, etc.)
Name 3 foods that are high in protein (AKA protein is the food's main macronutrient)
Chicken, eggs, nuts, fish, lean meats, shrimp, greek yogurt, soy, lentils, cottage cheese, beans, lentils, dairy products
Where are minerals found? (Where do they originate?)
Minerals are found in the soil. Plants absorb the minerals from the soil and remain in the plant until we consume them (or animals consume them, and we intake minerals from animal products)
When the stomach digests food, the carbohydrate in the food breaks down into another type of sugar, called _______.
Glucose
Why should someone strive to "eat the rainbow?" (AKA why should someone aim to eat many different-colored foods?)
Different-colored plants are linked to higher levels of specific nutrients and health benefits. While eating more vegetables and fruit is always a good idea, focusing on eating a variety of colors will increase your intake of different nutrients to benefit various areas of your health.
Approximately __% to __% of our daily
caloric intake should come from
carbohydrates
45% to 65%
Name 2 reasons we need to consume fat (what positive effects does fat have on us when consumed through our diets? What is the function of fat through diet?)
Energy, Healthy brain function, To absorb fat-soluble vitamins, Cushioning for our body’s organs, To make hormones, For normal/healthy growth and development, Energy, Supports cell function
What is the difference between a complete protein and an incomplete protein?
A complete protein contains all nine essential amino acids that our body can't produce on its own
VS. an incomplete proteins contain some, but not all, of the essential amino acids, and in various amounts
What is calcium primarily used for in the body?
Calcium helps build healthy bones/teeth
*It also plays an important role in blood clotting, helping muscles to contract, and regulating normal heart rhythms and nerve functions
___% of food at the grocery store that would remain after taking processed sugar-related items out
20%
What does "yield" mean when reading a recipe?
Yield in culinary terms refers to how much you will have of a finished product. Professional recipes should always state a yield; for example, a tomato soup recipe may yield 15 L, and a muffin recipe may yield 24 muffins.
What are the two types of complex
carbohydrates?
Starch and fiber
*Fiber helps to regulate bowel function
*Starches can be used as energy, stored as glycogen, or turned into fat
What are the main types of fats? (3)
Polyunsaturated
Monounsaturated
Saturated
Approximately __% to __% of our daily caloric intake
should come from protein.
10% to 35%
What foods are high in vitamin C?
Fruits (especially citrus fruits: oranges, lemon, grapefruit)
Vegetables (especially cruciferous vegetables, bell peppers, etc.)
Name 2 diseases that are associated with high sugar intake
Cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, pancreatic cancer, metabolic syndrome, obesity, colon cancer, hypoglycemia
What does "mis en place" mean?
"Putting in place" or "everything in its place."
-Collect and carefully measure all ingredients before you start.
-Collect all tools before you start.
-Preheat the oven if necessary.
-Complete any tasks such as greasing tins, slicing, or crushing ingredients.