Human Digestion
Contraction of the 3 muscle layers in the stomach thoroughly mixes food and gastric secretions. Mixing transforms solid food into __________, a soupy, acidic mixture.
Chyme
The energy currency in the body is ________
ATP
The common monosaccharides are ________, ___________, and __________.
glucose, fructose, and galactose
The body needs ____ different amino acids to function. (total amount)
20
What is the difference between visceral and subcutaneous fat?
Visceral Fat: surrounds organs
Subcutaneous Fat: under skin
The small intestine is divided into what 3 sections? (In order)
Duodenum: (first portion) about 10-inches long
Jejunum: (middle segment) about 4-feet long
Ileum: (last section) about 5-feet long.
In type 1 diabetes, little to no ___________ is produced.
insulin
What is the main function of glucose?
to act as a source of energy for body cells.
Most people choose vegetarian diets for __________. (Name one reason)
religious, philosophical, ecological, or health-related reasons.
___________ are the most common type of lipid found in foods and in the body.
Triglycerides
About half of U.S. adults occasionally experience _______________ (acid indigestion), making this the most commonly diagnosed GI disorder in U.S. adults.
heartburn
Protein metabolism takes place primarily in the _______.
liver
Where can the monosaccharide, fructose, be found?
fruits, vegetables, honey, high fructose corn syrup
Like carbohydrates and lipids, proteins are made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. However, all proteins also contain the element _____________.
nitrogen
_______________ fat insulates the body, keeping body temperature at a constant level.
Subcutaneous
The _________, _________, and _________, known as the accessory organs of the digestive system, work with the small intestine but are not a physical part of it.
liver, gallbaldder, and pancreas
Where do metabolic reactions take place in the cell?
Cytoplasm
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
Within body cells, amino acids can be linked together by a chemical bond, called a _________ bond, to form needed proteins
peptide bond
‣The Institute of Medicine recommends that ____________ fat and ________fat intake, are kept as low as possible while still consuming a nutritionally adequate diet
saturated fat and trans fat
Nutrients absorbed in the small intestine are delivered to 1 of the body’s 2 circulatory systems. What are they?
Cardiovascular (blood) system and Lymphatic System
Describe the process of an enzyme
Enzymes are biological catalysts, they increase the rates of a chemical reaction without being used up. They are made of proteins and are involved in reactions such as respiration and photosynthesis.They have an active site where the reaction occurs. The substrate enters the active site and the product eventually leaves the active site.Enzymes work like a lock and key – they are specific to a reaction.
Although _______ is indigestible, it plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the GI tract and overall health. It helps prevent constipation and diverticular disease and enhances the management of body weight, blood glucose levels, and blood cholesterol levels.
fiber
Where does the digestion of protein take place?
Stomach
Decribe the structure of a triglyceride
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids