MACRONUTRIENTS
Provides basic energy for cells. Sources are whole grain breads, baked potatoes, brown rice.
What are Carbohydrates
A patient that is acutely ill, running a fever, is diaphoretic, and having diarrhea is experiencing_____. This patient needs increased fluid to replace this loss.
What is insensible fluid loss
These patients are at risk for malnutrition. Normal physiologic changes include changes in the teeth and gums, reduced saliva production, decreased thirst sensation, early saeity.
A client with this diagnosis will have the following lab values monitored: Albumin,Transferrin, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, total iron-binding capacity and hemoglobin. The albumin level is an indicator of long term chronic illness and this condition
What is malnutrition?
A serverely malnourished client with dysphagia may need ________ which is given through a central line.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
What is Fiber
Careful monitoring of intake and output is important in all patients and should be balanced. These patients may have an imbalance in their I & O and may require a fluid restriction due to their inability to excrete fluid.
What are cardiac and renal patients?
Who are Jewish patients?
In clients with malnutrition the hemoglobin, hematocrit,BUN and creatinine, serum albumin, transferrin, and prealbumin will be ___________ and clients are at risk for ________ which can cause dysrrhythmia.
What is decreased and hyperkalemia?
A client has had a stroke and has dysphagia for 6 months and has protein calorie malnutrition. What treatment would the physician recommend?
What is surgical insertion of a gastrostomy tube for enteral feeding
Essential for the growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues, and is a back up energy source. Required for fluid regulation, acid base balance and blood clotting.
What are proteins?
This fat soluable vitamin is needed for prothrombin synthesis and aids in bone metabolism. Sources are green leafy veggies. It is an antidote for warfarin.
What is vitamin K
These patients follow ritualized methods of animal slaughter required for meat ingestion, fast during holy month of Ramadan and do not eat pork.
What are muslim patients?
This disease process has systemic effects on the whole body and on the patients psychosocial functioning. The client will have increased BMI and increased waist circumference. The patien tis at risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke and diabetes.
What is obesity?
A client with metabolic syndrome is prescribed which GLP-1 medication that induces satiety.
This contains all 9 essential amino acids and can be found in animal sourcces and soy products.
What are complete proteins?
This fat soluable vitamin is needed for Normal vision, tissue strength, growth and immune system functioning. A deficiency will manifest in a patient with dry thick corneas, reduced night vision, and mucosal changes
What is vitamin A
A client has increased waist circumference, fasting blood glucose or treatment for elevated glucose, has a SBP >130 or >85 diastolic, and triglycerides over 150 mg/dl
What is metabolic syndrome?
This medication is approved for type 2 diabetes and has positive weight loss effects
Monjaro (tirzepatide)
These types of fats are found in animal sources. Patients should be educated to substitute monosaturated fats to reduce their CV risk instead of these fats. These types of fats increase the LDL which can cause fatty deposits on vessel walls.
What are saturated fats?
This vitamin is given with iron supplements to improve absorption. It is also essential for tissue building.
What is vitamin C
Who are patients with swallow deficits and those on enteral feeding?
A patient with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 would be a candidate for which surgery
Bariatric Surgery
A client with skin impairment may be prescribed which vitamin and mineral to improve wound healing
What is vitamin C and zinc