Nutrients
The essential nutrient for all life on earth.
Water
The digestive system breaks down feed into smaller molecules of _________.
List FIVE problems that vitamin deficiencies can cause in animals.
abnormal bone growth
decreased milk production
diarrhea
digestive disturbances
watery eyes and impaired vision
increased susceptibility to infections
loss of hair
blood clotting
Name the four compartments in a cow's stomach.
- Rumen
- Reticulum
- Omasum
- Abomasum
In Hind-Gut Fermenters, the cecum and colon allow for fermentation of _________.
Forages
Name all SIX essential nutrients
Water, Lipids, Protein, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, & Minerals
List the FOUR types of digestive systems.
- Ruminants
- Pseudo-Ruminants
- Monogastric
- Avian
Macrominerals (major minerals) which are required in large quantities
Microminerals (trace minerals) which are required in smaller quantities
Name two animals with ruminant digestive systems.
- Cattle
- Sheep
- Goats
- Buffalo
- Deer
List two Pseudo-Ruminant animals
Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, & Hamsters
__________________ _____________________ are building blocks of muscles, tissues, and cells.
Amino Acids
Explain one function of the digestive system.
Breaks down food into smaller particles that can be absorbed.
Absorbs the nutrients and uses them as energy.
Parts of food that is not absorbed or broken down is excreted as feces.
What is one function of vitamin B-1 in the animal's body?
Aids in releasing energy from carbohydrates
Helps with nerve function
Plays a key role in glucose metabolism
Requirements are influenced by animal size, genetic factors and physiological status
Known as the "honeycomb" in a ruminant (polygastric) digestive system
What are two unique features in an Avian Digestive System?
No teeth
Food can be deposited into the crop from the esophagus before going to stomach
**Crop: A pouch found in the esophagus, many birds store food for later digestion and regurgitation to offspring
Nutrient requirements for livestock are dependant upon, what? Name THREE.
Age, Gender, Weight, Physiological State, & Environmental Conditions
________________ is the medical and biological term for the act of chewing food.
- Mastication
Describe the role of Sulfur and how animals receive it.
Is this a macromineral or micromineral?
Is present in enzymes, proteins, certain vitamins and other compounds
Is found in high levels in soybean products, alfalfa hay and corn byproducts
Can also be found in water
Is needed for hemoglobin function
Is a crucial mineral for wool and feather growth
Macromineral
The ____________ is referred to the true stomach.
Abomasum
The liver is where ________ is stored.
Bile
Which Vitamins are Fat Soluble?
Which Vitamins are Water Soluble?
Fat Soluble: A, D, E, & K
Water Soluble: B-1, B-12, & C
List all steps of the digestive process
Prehension
Mastication
Salivation
Deglutition
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Describe the role of Cobalt and how animals receive it.
Is this a macromineral or micromineral?
Is required for the synthesis of vitamin B-12
Can also act as a substitute for zinc in the large intestine
Must be consumed in the animal’s diet
Must be supplemented to monogastric animals
Can be supplied by rumen organisms
Micromineral
Removal of water
Further grinding and breaking down of feed
List TWO functions of the cecum and name TWO animals who have a cecum.
Is the main place for fiber digestion in horses
Breaks down feed not digested in the small intestine
Breaks down the cell wall of plants (cellulose)
Animals: Horse & Pig